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(E) Assessment of wind energy technologies 18. An evaluation of wind energy against AGE standard criteria is given in the table below: Wind Energy against Evaluation Criteria Criterion Comments Potential Economic Contribution at current energy prices some - can compete with coal and oil if CO2 is taxed and back-up is not required at 2 times current large - will compete with new fossil plant charged for CO2 even with back-up at 4 times current very large Health & Safety Impacts to work force excellent - installation and maintenance regulated by directives and standards to public excellent Environment Friendliness locally good - but local concerns about visual intrusion and noise global warming excellent Input Sustainability excellent Security of supply excellent Compatibility with EU needs fair - fluctuating wind requires back-up or demand management Deliverability excellent - modular units can be installed to match demand The need for EU-wide R & D good - need to maintain competiviteness of EU manufacturers Secondary (spin-off) merits good - export opportunities but US and Japanese competition Special Factors good - strong public support generally but some NIMBY problems (F) AGE recommendations 19. AGE agrees that wind power can contribute substantially to the European energy economy, provided that further reduction in overall system costs can be realised, that a sufficient number of good sites (including suitable sites offshore) can be used and that the external costs assigned to competitive sources are set at realistic levels and do not remain clouded with political uncertainties. 20. Realising wind’s contribution will require medium to long term R&D of a kind that is unlikely to happen unless supported by public initiatives at national and EU level. AGE therefore believes that a EU-wide, long-term generic and scientific R&D in wind energy would be appropriate to support the sector. The necessary basic element will be the establishment in FP7 of a research program dedicated to wind energy with the aim of supporting R&D projects and facilitating the further development of European industry in the wind energy sector. 21. AGE suggests that among the many R&D topics necessary for wind energy particular attention is paid to: - A better understanding of wind resources, particularly in complex terrain and offshore, including better prediction of power outputs and an increased reliability of short-term (6-48 hours) forecasts - ‘Fourth Generation’ wind turbine technology, i.e. novel rotor concepts using ‘intelligent’ materials; the enabling computational fluid mechanics; new generator concepts - Off-shore installations including design, operation, and maintenance - Grid integration, i.e. radically different and better systems and techniques for dynamic grid management based on improved systems integration, systems analysis, and control technologies. 92PDF Image | Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy Systems
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