PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 101
which are used mainly to heat swimming pools. Air collector capacity was installed to an extent of 1.2 GWth. These are used for drying agricultural products and to a lesser extent for space heating of houses and production halls. The use of solar thermal energy greatly varies in the different countries respective economic regions. In North America (USA and Canada) swimming pool heating is dominant with an installed capacity of 17.9 GWth of unglazed plastic collectors while in China (35.5 GWth), Europe (10.1 GWth) and Japan (8.9 GWth) plants with flat-plate and evacuated tube collectors - mainly used to prepare hot water and for space heating - are dominant. 12. The annual collector yield of all solar thermal systems installed by the end of 2003 in the 35 recorded countries corresponds to an oil equivalent of 8.8 billion litres and an annual avoidance of 24.1 million tons of CO2. 13. Based on the data available for the year 2004 at the date of publishing this report the total installed capacity worldwide of flat-plate and evacuated tube collectors can be estima ted with 86 GWth (123 million square meters) and the installed capacity of unglazed plastic collectors is estimated with 23 GWth (33 million square meters of collectors). (C) Attractiveness of solar thermal technologies 14. The areas for solar thermal applications are manifold, and there are main reasons for utilisation: The energy need for heating and cooling as well as for crop drying and process heating is large and growing, the solar resource is large and inexhaustible, the environmental benefits and the economic benefits are substantial. 15. Building using solar energy have remarkable advantages: Require less energy, cause less adverse environmental impacts, e.g., CO2, provide open sunlight, high quality space, improve building aesthetics, require no special architecture, provide new medium for architectural expression. 16. The potential of solar technologies for the heat supply in housing is large: Passive solar heating in combination with energy-efficient building construction can reduce the heat demand for space heat – in combination with rational energy use and energy efficiency - up to 30%. Active solar can reduce the fuel demand for hot water and space heat (50% to 70% solar share for hot water preparation, 40% to 60% of the heat supply - hot water and space heat in low-energy houses), and day-lighting can reduce the electricity demand for lighting up to 50%. 17.While solar water and space heating have been in the market for decades, new approaches for solar thermal applications - e.g. for cooling and process heat - are now emerging onto the market. About 30 to 40% of the process heat demand could be covered with low- to medium temperature solar collector systems. 18.Solar assisted cooling is an extremely promising technology, as peak cooling consumption coincides with peak solar radiation. A number of large-scale solar cooling systems have been successfully demonstrated: it is now necessary to support wide market introduction. Small-scale solar cooling systems could be ready within a decade, if R&D support is provided. 19. Summarising, solar thermal systems could replace more than 30% of the EU's oil imports from the Middle East. 101PDF Image | Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy Systems
PDF Search Title:
Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy SystemsOriginal File Name Searched:
Economic_Perspectives_REN.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)