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(D) Priorities for augmented R&D 20. The governmental R&D funding for solar heating and cooling in IEA-Member countries were in 2000 US$ 75 million and in 2001 US$ 69 million. Industry funded R&D during 2000 - 2001 is estimated to be at least 50% as much as that provided by governments. Conclusion: Governmental and industry funded R&D for solar thermal systems is decreasing. 21. Reasons for continued R&D-funding are: • Solar thermal systems are the logical successor of oil and gas heating: more than one third of our energy use is for heating. • It is a cost effective investment as many applications are close to market entry. • Solar thermal systems - as with other renewable energy sources - provide significant local and global environmental benefits. • Contribute to energy security and energy services at point of end use, promotes employment, and therefore contribute to sustainable economic development of nations. 22. Steady funding at an increased level would allow the various solar heating and cooling (SHC) technologies and designs to reach better cost and performance goals and thereby facilitate their growing presence in the market and their associated environmental benefits. 23.A faster market penetration of solar thermal systems requires initial governmental support for R&D, information and market development. A basic justification for continued R&D support for SHC is therefore that R&D is a basic and important part of technology and market development. 24.It is however important to emphasise that R&D and R&D support is not the only requirement for the development of a mature market for solar heating and cooling technologies. Market stimulation is an essential element as one without the other does not give best value for the money invested in either. In addition, policies, economics and cultural aspects have a significant impact on the market development for SHC. 25. The target set in the EC’s White Paper on renewable energy published in 1997 is 100 million square meters of solar collector area installed by 2010. This target clearly will not be reached without market oriented R&D initiatives, although solar thermal energy has the potential to meet a significant portion of the heating and cooling demand in the residential sector and to contribute significantly to the energy supply of the commercial and tertiary sector. Of course it is important that better efficiencies are used to reduce these heating and cooling demands. 26.To reach the goal of a wide-spread market deployment of solar thermal systems fundamental and applied research and demonstration is needed in the following four main sections: • Advanced Materials and Components (advanced materials, advanced solar thermal collectors, advanced thermal energy storage). • Advanced Systems (large-scale solar heating systems, solar industrial processes systems, solar cooling systems, combined solar heating and cooling systems). • Building Integration and Passive Solar. • Standards, Regulations and Test Procedures. 102PDF Image | Economic Perspectives of Renewable Energy Systems
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