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Figure 5. Specific energy consumption vs. Faradaic efficiency (FE) for various products. The thicker lines with data points indicate experimental results achieved in various studies. values for each parameter in a commercially viable electrochemical process are also included in Figure 6, along with target areas for improvements. In addition, there are other important requirements, such as high one- pass conversion rate and continuous operation. In general, higher current densities result in lower FE and shorter lifetimes because of competing reactions. With longer run times, FE tends to decrease (catalyst/cathode degradation) and cell voltage increase, both of which result in greater power consumption. DNV has developed novel cathode and anode catalysts that reduce the total cell voltage by almost 1 volt [26, 27]. Additionally, DNV has designed a reactor that reduces the resistive losses Figure 6. The relationship among the key parameters in ERC processes. by another 2 volts, thus resulting in an overall decrease in the total cell voltage by about 60 %, compared with the data published in the literature [27]. Furthermore, the long-term performance of the cathode catalyst has been increased by at least 20 times over that reported in the literature. This has mainly been achieved through improvements in the electrochemical cell design and operational parameters. Fundamental studies performed by The Ohio State University, in collaboration with DNV, have improved our understanding of the cathode catalyst degradation mechanisms. This will enable further advances in catalyst life. DNV has also identified less corrosive electrolytes that will reduce both capital and operational expenditure. 9PDF Image | Electrochemical Conversion of CO2
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