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ECFORM Reactor Demonstration Testing of a filter-press type, bench-scale reactor indicated a set of conditions for most favorable selectivity and reactivity for formate production. Figure 7 shows an example in which, under optimum pressure and flow rate control, the selectivity (FE) of a High Surface Area (HSA) cathode is kept constant over a range of applied potentials for one day. Since large electrodes have a tendency to display potential variation, this analysis indicates that slight changes in electrode potential will not affect the productivity of ECFORM, once process parameters are controlled. Long-term stable performance of HSA electrodes was determined by periodic measurement of reactivity (current density) and selectivity (FE from formate product measurement in catholyte samples) under constant optimum operation. The results in Figure 8 indicate stable performance over 4 days, with no appreciable damage or degradation of the tin electrodeposited carbon electrode. This is a significant improvement over results reported in the literature. These results suggest that electrochemical conversion of CO2 may be a commercially viable technology in the future. A semi-pilot size reactor with a superficial area of 600 cm2 (capable of reducing approximately 1 Kg/d of CO2) was built and assembled, with other process components and instruments, into a solar-powered trailer to demonstrate the operation of the process using completely renewable power (Figure 9). The demonstration reactor serves several purposes. Firstly, it showcases the capability of the ECFORM process to utilize renewable energy, such as solar, to convert CO2 into a commercially useful product. Secondly, the reactor system can be used to test andimprovetheprocess,intermsofthehydrodynamics, heterogeneity of the surfaces, and effects on selectivity, automation, and controls, safety, and the overall efficiency of the system. Finally, the demonstration reactor provides a useful means by which process and value chain analysis models can be validated. The reactor has been modeled using a model-based flow sheet simulator, gPROMS, and this model will also be used for scale-up assessments. Figure 7. Near constant FE over a potential range (-1.4 to -2.3 Vsce) of a HSA cathode under optimum operating conditions. 10PDF Image | Electrochemical Conversion of CO2
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