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78 12 Adopting the middle of the temperature range, we see that about 6,000 MW might be obtained today using standard binarycycle technology from hot waters that are currently being reinjected without any energy recovery. This estimate could very well be higher because there are several other states with coproduced fluids, but we do not have sufficiently reliable data that allows us to include them in our survey. Finally, another case of combined use of petroleum and geothermal energy resources may be considered. The use of socalled geopressured geothermal resources was extensively studied beginning in the 1970s by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), and others (see, for example, DiPippo, 2005; Swanson, 1980; and Campbell and Hatter, 1991). A nominal 1 MW pilot plant was installed to exploit the very highpressure, hightemperature, methanesaturated fluids that were obtained along the Gulf Coast. The plant ran from 19891990, and generated 3,445 MWh of electricity over 121 days of operation. This came to an average power output of 1,200 kW. The plant captured the thermal energy in the geofluid using a binary cycle, and the chemical energy in the dissolved methane by burning it in a gas engine equipped with a waste heat recovery system. The hydraulic energy represented by the highpressure geofluid was not recovered for power generation. Chapter 7 Geofluid temperature, T , °C 1 Energy Conversion Systems – Options and Issues T =25°C 100 90 = 35°C 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 = 45°C 0 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Figure 7.3 Specific power output (in kW/(kg/s)) for low to moderatetemperature geofluids as a function of inlet (T ) and outlet temperatures (T ) shown in degrees Celsius (°C). = 55°C 2 Specific power output, kW/(kg/s)PDF Image | Energy Conversion Systems
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