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Chapter 7 Energy Conversion Systems – Options and Issues Table 7.3 Estimated power from California and Gulf states coproduced waters; outlet temperature assumed to be 40°C. State Flow rate, kg/s MW @ 100°C MW @ 140°C MW @ 180°C Alabama 927 16.6 42.3 79.9 Arkansas 1,204 21.6 54.9 103.7 California 2,120 37.9 96.7 182.5 Florida 753 13.4 34.3 64.8 Louisiana 9,786 175.2 446.3 842.6 Mississippi 2,758 49.4 125.8 237.5 Oklahoma 59,417 1,064 2,709 5,116 Texas 56,315 1,008 2,568 4,849 TOTALS 131,162 2,348 5,981 11,293 79 Although the plant performed well, such plants were not economical at the time. Recently, Griggs (2004) reexamined this subject and concluded that the time is still not appropriate for this resource to become economic, but that under the right conditions of prices for competing fuels, geopressured resources might once again be considered for power production. In 50 years, when conventional petroleum resources may be close to exhaustion, the economic conditions should be favorable for the exploitation of geopressured resources. Coproduction from the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3. As an example of a resource that is currently under production for oil, we consider the case of the Naval Petroleum Reserve (NPR) No. 3, and develop a binary plant that could operate with the hot water that is now being discharged to the surface. The flow diagram is represented in Figure 7.1. The plant has been designed to conform to the resource conditions as given by Myers et al. (2001). The most appropriate cycle working fluid is R134a. The key statepoint parameters for a nominal 1 MW (net) power plant using a 100°C fluid are listed in Table 7.4. The actual coproduced fluid temperature is not known with certainty but may be as low as 8293°C. In such a case, the required flow rate to achieve the nominal 1 MW would be greater than the 88 kg/s (48,000 bbl/day) shown in the table. We estimate that the flow rate would range from 160 kg/s (87,000 bbl/day) for the 82°C temperature to 103 kg/s (56,000 bbl/day) for the 93°C temperature. We estimate the installed cost for this plant would range from $2,180/kW (for 100°C) to $2,326/kW (for 93°C) and $2,540/kW (for 82°C).PDF Image | Energy Conversion Systems
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