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7.3 Cogeneration of Electricity and Thermal Energy One of the possible uses of EGSproduced fluids is to provide both electricity and heat to residential, commercial, industrial, or institutional users. In this section, we consider the case of the MIT cogeneration system (MITCOGEN) as a typical application. Our tasks for the cogeneration case are: (a) Identify the most appropriate energy conversion system using hot geofluid from an EGS resource that will supply all the required energy flows of the current system, i.e., electricity, heating, and air conditioning. (b) Calculate the required flow rate of the geofluid. MITCOGEN employs a gas turbine with a waste heatrecovery steam generator (HRSG) to meet nearly all of the electrical and heating/cooling needs of the campus – Tables 7.10 and 7.11 give HRSG a snapshot of the energy outputs for November 18, 2005. Also, on November 18, 2005, the steam generated from the HRSG was at 1.46 MPa and 227°C, with 30°C of superheat. Figure 7.17 shows the energy flow diagram for the plant (Cooper, 2005), and Figure 7.18 is a highly simplified flow diagram for the main components of the system. It is important to note that the chiller plant is powered mainly by steam turbines that drive the compressors, the steam being raised in the HRSG of the gas turbine plant. Two of the chillers have electric motordriven compressors. Chapter 7 Energy Conversion Systems – Options and Issues Thus, for supercritical geofluids from EGS reservoirs, we conclude that for those cases where the geofluid is supplied to the plant at a temperature of 400°C, and at pressures greater than 22 MPa but less than 28 MPa, the preferred energy conversion system is a relatively complex, tripleexpansion system. Cycle thermal efficiencies of about 31% and utilization efficiencies of 67% can be expected. For cases where the geofluid is supplied to the plant at a temperature of 400°C and at pressures greater than 28 MPa, the preferred energy conversion system is a singleexpansion system. Cycle thermal efficiencies of about 24% and utilization efficiencies of 40%45% can be expected. 723 The analysis presented here does not account for pressure losses through any piping or heat exchangers, including the manufactured one in the underground reservoir. Once the reservoir performance has been determined in the field, this can easily be taken into account by adjusting the required pump work. We are left to speculate what geofluid pressures are reasonable for the EGS environment. For the simpler energy conversion system (i.e., the singleexpansion cycle), the higher the pressure, the poorer the performance of the power cycle. The best performance occurs at pressures that may be too low to provide sufficient throughput of geofluid. For the more complex, tripleexpansion system, it is not known whether the very high pressures postulated, requiring expensive thickwalled piping and vessels, may render this system uneconomic. Finally, at this stage of our understanding, we have no idea what geofluid flow rates will accompany any particular geofluid pressure because of the great uncertainty regarding the flow in the manufactured underground reservoir. More fieldwork is needed to shed light on this issue.PDF Image | Energy Conversion Systems
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