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Chapter 7 Energy Conversion Systems – Options and Issues 7.4 Plant Operational Parameters 7.5 Summary and Conclusions Power plants operating on EGSderived geofluids will be subject to the same kind of operating and performance metrics as those at conventional hydrothermal resources. However, because the EGS fluids are “pure” water to start with at the injection wells, and are recirculated after production, it is expected that they will be far less aggressive than typical hydrothermal fluids. This should minimize the problems often seen regarding chemical scaling, corrosion, and noncondensable gases found in some natural hydrothermal power plants where methods already exist for coping with all of these potential problems. Nevertheless, the EGS fluids may have much higher pressures than those seen at hydrothermal plants, even supercritical pressures, which already have been discussed. These conditions, when combined with very high temperatures, will need to be accounted for in the field piping and plant design. 729 The analysis presented here presumes that the properties of the EGS circulating fluid remain constant. Because this is unlikely to be true over the expected lifetime of a plant, it may be necessary to modify the plant components to maintain the power output, unless replacement wells are able to restore the initial fluid conditions. This problem is routinely encountered in current geothermal plants, both flashsteam and binary, and the methods used would apply to the EGS plants. The general finding is that no insurmountable difficulties are expected on the powergeneration side of an EGS operation. In this section, we have shown that: • Energy conversion systems exist for use with fluids derived from EGS reservoirs. • Conventional geothermal power plant techniques are available to cope with changing properties of the fluids derived from EGS reservoirs. • It is possible to generate roughly 6,000 MW of electricity from fluids that are currently being coproduced from oil and gas operations in the United States by using standard binarycycle technology. • Power plant capital costs for coproduced fluids range from about $1,5002,300/kW, depending on the temperature of the coproduced fluids. • If a mass flow rate of 20 kg/s can be sustained from a 200°C EGS reservoir, approximately 1 MW of power can be produced; the same power can be achieved from a 250°C EGS reservoir, with only about 8.5 kg/s. • Supercritical fluids from an EGS reservoir can be used in a tripleexpansion power plant. About 15 kg/s will yield about 10 MW of power from fluids at 400°C and pressures in the range of 25 27 MPa; power plant thermal efficiencies will be about 31%. • Supercritical fluids from an EGS reservoir at very high pressures up to 35 MPa and 400°C can be used in a singleexpansion power plant to generate 10 MW of power from flow rates of 2130 kg/s, depending on the fluid pressure.PDF Image | Energy Conversion Systems
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