PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 008
9.7 Economics and Cost of Energy Table 9.1 continued Chapter 9 EnergySector Fundamentals: Economic Analysis, Projections, and Supply Curves Category Power production and market performance Duration Cost Risk Bid long based on expected delivery costs Routine and Low High recurring Estimate competitive fuel and delivery costs for existing Routine and Low High Enter power purchase agreement Infrequent Moderate High baseload power recurring 9.8 Using Levelized Costs for Comparison Geothermal energy – which is transformed into delivered energy (electricity or direct heat) – is an extremely capitalintensive and technologydependent industry. The capital investment may be characterized in three distinct phases: 99 a) Exploration and drilling of test and production wells b) Construction of power conversion facilities c) Discounted future redrilling and well stimulation. Previous estimates of capital cost by the California Energy Commission (CEC, 2006), showed that capital reimbursement and interest charges accounted for 65% of the total cost of geothermal power. The remainder covers fuel (water), parasitic pumping loads, labor and access charges, and variable costs. By way of contrast, the capital costs of combinedcycle natural gas plants are estimated to represent only about 22% of the levelized cost of energy produced, with fuel accounting for up to 75% of the delivered cost of energy. Given the high initial capital cost, most EGS facilities will deliver baseload power to grid operations under a longterm power purchase agreement (typically greater than 10 years) in order to acquire funding for the capital investment. We have assumed that loan life will typically be 30 years, and that the life span of surface capital facilities will be 70 years with incremental improvements or repairs to the installed technology during that period. We assume that the life of the well field will be 30 years with periodic (approximately seven to 10 years) redrilling, fracturing, and hydraulic stimulation during that period. At the end of a 30year cycle, the well complex is assumed to be abandoned, but the surface facilities can service new well complexes through extension of piping and delivery systems with no appreciable loss. Delivered cost of energy is, thus, a function of this stream of capital investment and refurbishment, and ongoing operations and delivery costs. The upshot of this analytical technique is to allow comparison with existing fossil and other renewable technologies such as wind and hydroelectric, where similar capital facility life span can be expected. The delivered cost of electricity is the primary criterion for any electric power generation technology. The levelized cost of energy (or levelized electricity cost, LEC) is the most common approach used forPDF Image | Energy Sector Fundamentals
PDF Search Title:
Energy Sector FundamentalsOriginal File Name Searched:
egs_chapter_9.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)