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9.8.2 Variable costs of operation (95) where (96) Chapter 9 EnergySector Fundamentals: Economic Analysis, Projections, and Supply Curves (94) We assume K is the rated capacity (in MWe) of the plant15 and CF(n) is the capacity factor of the plant in time period n. The capacity factor will gradually decline over time, but for the assumed period of this analysis, is taken as constant. Thus, (97) Costs of operation consist of fuels (water for injection, electricity for parasitic power pumping load), operations and maintenance (excluding the cost of redrilling or stimulation, which are assumed in capital cost calculations), interest and principal repayments, taxes, and depreciation. In addition, shareholder returns on equity, re, are counted when a project is commercial, as opposed to experimental. where: TVc = Total annual variable cost Tx = Tax payment on income and property F = Annual fuel cost (98) 911 where: cfuel(n) = the fuel cost expressed in $/kWh in year n Om = Annual Operations and Maintenance where: cO&M(n) = the unit O&M cost expressed in $/kWh. The fixed cost component of O&M is ignored. Dq = combined debt and equity service in equal annual installments over a term of N years. The term Dq reflects not only market cost but risk (for example, the higher risk of equity versus borrowed capital) when re > rb. This places a relative premium on payments over the project lifetime.PDF Image | Energy Sector Fundamentals
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