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INTERACTIONS: ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT – Environmental Effects of Geothermal Power - S. J. Goff, P. Brophy, F. Goff of electricity, carbon dioxide emissions from geothermal flashed-steam power plants are only a small fraction of emissions that result from burning hydrocarbons. For each megawatt-hour of electricity produced in 1991, the average emission of carbon dioxide by plant type in the US was 990 kg from coal, 839 kg from petroleum, 540 kg from natural gas, and 0.48 kg for geothermal flashed steam. Total Dissolved Location Solids (ppm) Noncondensable Gas (by weight) Coso, California 5300−6500 TheGeysers,California 4−430 1.7%−15% Imperial Valley, California 16,000−250,0 1.6%−6% 00 *Source: Brophy, P., 1997. “Environmental Advantages to the Utilization of Geothermal Energy,” Renewable Energy, 10, Nos. 2 and 3, 367-377. Table 2. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Selected Geothermal Resources* 2.3. Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the gas of primary concern in geothermal reservoirs. Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious gas that is immediately dangerous to life and health at levels of about 142 mg/m H2S of air. The amount of H2S in geothermal resources varies. Hydrogen sulfide can reach moderate concentrations in steam produced from some geothermal fields, and some systems contain up to 2% by weight of H2S in the separated-steam phase. At low concentrations, H2S can cause an odor nuisance. At higher concentrations, H2S is acutely toxic. The average human nose can detect as little as 20 ppb H2S. 2.3.1. Points of Release Figure 3. Generalized system flow diagram. ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) 2% UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERSPDF Image | Environmental Effects of Geothermal Power
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