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3 EP 2 339 281 A2 4 is disposed between the zeolite store and condenser to reduce pressure in the store on starting desorption and in addition means (such as an air valve) is provided to restore the pressure in the store to atmospheric pressure when resorption is complete. [0020] Such a thermal storage system described above is normally a constituent of a heating system, but its use is not so limited and in particular it may at least be part of a Rankine cycle to generate electricity. As part of a Rankine cycle the zeolite heat storage cell would also contain sealed passageways for a refrigerant liquid to be heated by zeolite adsorption and be boiled to a high pressure gas. This gas refrigerant would then drive an expander such as a scroll or turbine. Once the gas has passed through the expander (driving an electrical gen- erator) it would be cooled and condensed back into a liquid; the efficiency of such a heat engine is improved by extending the temperature range between the hot gas expansion and the cold gas compression regions. [0021] Combining the zeolite thermal store with the Rankine cycle system provides two advantages. The evaporator unit in the zeolite system provides a cool source as the liquid boil and draws energy of evaporation from the liquid. Linking this to the condenser unit of the Rankine cycle improves the efficiency of the heat engine. At the same time, the waste heat in the exhaust of the Rankine cycle is supplied to the evaporator of the zeolite system, recycling the energy and improving the co-effi- cient of performance. [0022] In many examples of thermal storage system according to the invention, the zeolite molecular sieve is supported in a metal matrix, comprising thermally con- ducting fins extending substantially though the body of the zeolite molecular sieve, with spines extending later- ally from the spines into the body of the zeolite molecular sieve to ensure excellent thermal connection between the source of heat and the zeolite molecular sieve. Such a structure is called a "zeolite matrix". [0023] In this specification "adsorb" refers to the ad- sorption of water vapour into the zeolite molecular sieve, "desorption" refers to the release of water vapour from the zeolite molecular sieve, during the adsorption phase heat is released from the zeolite molecular store and dur- ing the desorption phase the heat is taken into the zeolite providing the energy to expel the water and the energy is effectively stored until the next adsorption phase oc- curs. [0024] The invention will now be described with refer- ence to the accompanying drawings in which: [0025] Figure 1 shows a schematic installation for a heating system according to the present invention; and [0026] Figure 2 is a cross section showing in more de- tail inside of zeolite thermal store of figure 1. [0027] In figure 1 a zeolite thermal store 1, in a building 31, has a coil 9 wrapped around it through which a thermal transport fluid, water in this case, may flow. One end of the coil 9 is connected to a pump 4, whose operation may be controlled by a control means 11, depending on the circumstances this may be a timer, light sensor or a ther- mostat. The exit of the pump is connected via duct 5 to entry of a water circulating solar collector 6 on the roof 32 of the building. The exit of the solar collector 6 is con- nected via duct 7 to the other end of coil 9. Water circu- lating though the water circuit described by coil 9, duct 3, pump 4, duct 5, solar collector 6 duct 7 back to coil 9, will be heated by solar energy impinging on solar collector 6 and will release its energy to the zeolite thermal store 1. [0028] When the external temperature drops pump 4 can be stopped by thermostat 11. To prevent heat loss externally to the coil 9 the thermal store 1 and coil 9 have thick lagging 2. The interior of zeolite thermal store 1 is connected through a one way valve 13 through pipe 15 to condenser/evaporator 17. The condenser/evaporator 17 is connected back to the zeolite thermal store by duct 19 and expansion valve 23. [0029] The circuit of thermal store 1, valve 13, duct 15, condenser/evaporator 17, duct 19 and expansion valve 23 back to the thermal store 1 is hermetically sealed. Water, more than sufficient fully to be absorbed in the zeolite in the thermal store 1 is contained within the cir- cuit. [0030] The pressure within the system, with the zeolite fully charged, is reduced to 0.2Bar prior to final sealing. By so doing so the temperature at which the zeolite de- sorbs water can be reduced to from 200°C to as low as 80°C, within reason for the temperature likely to be present in coil 9 when operating with the kind of a solar collector described. The liquid in the evaporator will boil under low temp at low pressure, but needs to draw energy of evaporation from somewhere. Using energy from an air source (e.g. fan driven air flow taken from a source external to the building in which the any building in which the store is installed across the surface of the evaporator) provides this energy and prevents the water in the evap- orator from freezing and this improves the co-efficient of performance (COP) of the thermal store up to a maximum of 2 times. Therefore the system can be designed to max- imise the uptake of low grade heat (e.g. solar thermal to desorb under low pressure, with latent heat of evapora- tion supplied by air source around 8-10°C) and output heat at higher temperatures for domestic use (60°C for heating / water, 150°C for electricity via a Rankine cycle). [0031] Alternatively valve 13 can be replaced by a pump/one way valve combination which will have the ef- fect of reducing vapour pressure within the system when it is turned on such that the desorption temperature is reduced to 80°C. In this embodiment an air entry valve 21, closed at this stage of the cycle, is also provided in the duct 19 back to the zeolite store 1. An air vent 25 is also required in the condenser/evaporator to relieve ex- cess pressure in the condenser evaporator when the pump is operating. [0032] When heat is being supplied from the solar pan- el 6, pump 13 will be turned on reducing the vapour pres- sure within the thermal store 1 to allow zeolite within the thermal store to desorb water vapour at a lower temper- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 3PDF Image | EP 2 339 281 A2 EUROPEAN PATENT
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