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5 EP 2 339 281 A2 6 ature than usually the case. In effect this reaction stores heat within the thermal store. Useful heat can be extract- ed by the condensing of water vapour in the condenser. However the main heat extraction from the system is as a result of water vapour being admitted to the system from the evaporator as a result of the significantly re- duced pressure in the thermal store as a result of original water vapour having been desorbed when coil 9 is pro- viding heat. [0033] As coil 9 cools as will happen as it becomes darker outside and the collector 6 ceases to provide heat, cold water is circulated through pipes 33 and 35 into and out of ducts in the thermal store 1 as described with ref- erence to figure 2 (below) the temperature in the thermal store drops and any remaining water vapour therein is readsorbed by the zeolite creating a reduced pressure drawing low pressure/ low temperature from the con- denser/evaporator 17 though one way expansion valve 23. [0034] As water vapour is drawn from condenser/ evaporator 17 into the store 1, adsorption within the ze- olite takes place, liberating heat causing the store to heat. At reduced pressure in a hermetically sealed unit this adsorption takes place at about 60°C and the tempera- ture within the store stabilises to that. This heat is ex- tracted to circulating water in, for example, a central heat- ing system. This circulating water enters and leaves the store by piped 33 and 35 which are coupled to ducts within the store itself as described below in figure 2. [0035] However, if the valve 13 has been replaced by a pump/one way valve and air entry valve 21 is opened and the pump is turned off the pressure within the system will rise to atmospheric pressure and the temperature within the store on desorption will rise to 150°C. [0036] In figure 2, the thermal store 1 comprises a cy- lindrical container made up of an inner wall 42 made of extruded aluminium sections. The ends (not shown) of the cylinder are closed by aluminium caps. The wall 42 is separated by a gap 43 from an insulating outer wall 44. Coil 9 is wrapped around the inner wall 42 and any remaining spaces between the inner wall and insulating outer wall 44 filled with insulating material such as rock wool. The outer wall 44 may be surrounded by further insulating materials. An extruded aluminium central core 45 has a plurality of radial aluminium fins 46 extruding to the inner wall 42. [0037] Each fin 46 has a number of aluminium spines 47 extending the length of the cylinder and formed as arcs around the central core 45. The region between the inner wall 42 and the central core 45 is filled with a zeolite molecular sieve 48. The zeolite known as X13 is partic- ularly efficient in this application. The configuration of the fins 46 and spines 47 makes for good heat transfer to the central core 45 and the zeolite 48, the spines 47 form- ing a fine mesh to contact the zeolite molecular sieve 48. It will be seen that the combination of zeolite 48, fins 46 and spines 47 forms a zeolite matrix. The central core itself has a number of slots 49 on its periphery in which the fins 46 are mounted. [0038] Close to the surface of the core are a number of ducts 50 for water vapour. The ducts 50 have slots 51 to the zeolite molecular sieve 48, through which water vapour may pass. The ducts 10 are connected through the end caps of the zeolite store 1, on one side via a non- return valve 13 (figure 1) to a condenser 15 (figure 1) and on the other side via valve 23 (figure 1) to low-pressure evaporator 19 (figure 1). [0039] A series of heat transfer pipes 52 run the length of the central core 45. Water is used as the heat transfer medium in this case. In this example the heat transfer pipes would connect to a hot water supply or central heat- ing system via the ducts 33 and 35 shown in figure 1. But there is no reason why other heat transfer media should not be used. [0040] During the day circulating water in coil 9, which has absorbed solar energy when passing through collec- tor 6 (figure 1), heats the zeolite molecular sieve 48 forc- ing the adsorbed water in the zeolite out as water vapour (i.e. desorbs), through the slots 51 and ducts 50 out of the cylinder. This water vapour passes through a non- return valve to a condenser (not shown). Cool water is passed through the heat transfer pipes 52, cooling the interior of the cylinder. Any water vapour remaining in the cylinder is reabsorbed into the zeolite molecular sieve 48, creating a reduced pressure, even a vacuum. This low pressure draws water vapour through the ducts 50 and slots 51 into the zeolite molecular sieve 48. [0041] As the water vapour is adsorbed into the zeolite molecular sieve with the zeolite releasing heat, this heat release gradually charges the zeolite with water until no more can be adsorbed, at which point all possible heat has been released from the zeolite. The heat thus re- leased is transferred via the spines 47 and fingers 46 to the central core 45 where it heats water passing through the heat transfer pipes 52. It can be seen that heat taken from the battery both during cooling and discharge is available for use. [0042] In the system described, when heat is demand- ed, circulation of warm thermal fluid in coil 9 is discontin- ued and water to be heated is passed into and out of the internal ducts 52 (figure 2) though pipes 33 and 35. [0043] Although in this example the output is to a cen- tral heating system and or/hot water cylinder, the heated output from the zeolite store can be used to drive a scroll compressor to create rotational energy driving an elec- tricity generator. It is calculated that in this configuration described 10m2 of solar collector would provide to 5KWh of hot water and then a Rankine cycle device of the kind described in this paragraph would further convert that to 1 KWh of electricity with 4 KWh of hot water remaining for heating applications. [0044] The system as described in figures 1 and 2 may be used in conjunction with a conventional solar collector supplying hot water to heat a hot water cylinder directly. Other ways of implementing the invention by use of al- ternative fluids and of varying the construction of the ther- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 4PDF Image | EP 2 339 281 A2 EUROPEAN PATENT
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