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7 EP 2 339 281 A2 8 mal store will be readily apparent to those of normal skill in the field. In the latter case, for example, the coil 9 around the store can be replaced by ducts or coils within the store to allow transfer of heat to the zeolite, the ducts 12 to allow heat to be collected from the system can be within the wall 42 for example, as can the ducts 10 and slots 11. [0045] Water has been described as the heat transfer fluid passing through the first ducts in the thermal collec- tor, fluids such as refrigerants can be used and gases such as N2 are also suitable. Water has been described as the liquid that is adsorbed and desorbed from the ze- olite matrix, but the system is not limited to water. [0046] Zeolites will operate in the same manner with any polar gas, such as H20, N2, CO2 etc as well as fluoro-, chloro- and hydrocarbons. [0047] The invention described, by using low pressure to adsorb the water vapour into the zeolite molecular sieve enables use of an environmental source of low grade heat to maximise efficiency of storage of solar ther- mal energy and to effectively to liberate it as higher grade heat for heating or electrical generation. Claims 1. A thermal storage system comprising a zeolite mo- lecular sieve in a container coupled to a thermal col- lector wherein water vapour is desorbed from the zeolite molecular sieve by heating the sieve at a pres- sure below that of atmospheric pressure. 2. A thermal storage system according to claim 1 wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is in a container containing a body of zeolite with thermally conduct- ing fins extending substantially into the body of ze- olite in which said thermally conducting fins are ther- mally connected to a heat source. 3. A thermal storage according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the zeolite molecular sieve is at a higher pressure after any adsorption step than during any desorption step. 4. A thermal storage system according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in which adsorption occurs under reduced pressure (compared to atmospheric pressure) to allow the de- sorption of zeolite to occur at temperatures achiev- able by solar thermal collectors. 5. A thermal storage system according to claim 4 in which adsorption is at about 80°C. 6. A thermal storage system according to any preced- ing claim, characterised in that the pressure in the various parts of the system are cycled between low and high pressures to allow desorption of water va- pour from the zeolite to occur at temperatures achievable by solar thermal collectors and adsorp- tion of water vapour from the zeolite to occur at higher pressure to liberate heat at a higher temperature than that at which desorption occurs. 7. A thermal storage system according to claim 6 in which said higher temperature is at least 150°C. 8. A thermal storage system according to any preced- ing claim characterised in that where the pressure in the evaporator is reduced to allow water to boil at low temperatures less than 50°C and low grade heat energy is supplied to the evaporator. 9. A thermal storage and release system according to any preceding claim wherein the pressure in the container is 0.2 bar or less. 10. A thermal storage and release system according to any preceding claim wherein the pressure in the container is 0.2 Bar or less during desorption and a higher pressure after adsorption. 11. A thermal storage and release system according to claim 11 wherein the pressure in the container is atmospheric pressure after adsorption. 12. A thermal storage system and release system ac- cording to any preceding claim in which the zeolite store, and condenser and ducting and valves there between are a hermetically sealed unit pressurised initially at 0.2Bar or less. 13. A thermal storage system according to any preced- ing claim in which a pump is disposed between the zeolite store and condenser to reduce pressure in the store on starting desorption. 14. A thermal storage system according to claim 14 in- cluding means to restore the pressure in the store to atmospheric pressure when resorption is com- plete. 15. A thermal storage system according to any preced- ing claim characterised in that heat released from the thermal store is used at least in part in a Rankine cycle to generate electricity. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 5PDF Image | EP 2 339 281 A2 EUROPEAN PATENT
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