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88 40,000 5,700 10,000 1,200 Chapter 8 Environmental Impacts, Attributes, and Feasibility Criteria Figure 8.1 Typical pipeline at Miravalles geothermal power plant, Costa Rica (photo by R. DiPippo). Table 8.2 Comparison of land requirements for typical power generation options. Technology Land use Land use 110 MW geothermal flash plant (excluding wells) 1,260 160 20 MW geothermal binary plant (excluding wells) 1,415 170 (3) (excluding wells) 2,290 290 49 MW geothermal FCRC plant 56 MW geothermal flash plant (including wells, 2,258 MW coal plant (including strip mining) 670 MW nuclear plant (plant site only) 47 MW (avg) solar thermal plant (Mojave Desert, CA) 28,000 3,200 pipes, etc.) 7,460 900 (2) 10 MW (avg) solar PV plant (Southwestern US) 66,000 7,500 (1) (1) Typical FlashCrystallizer/ReactorClarifier plant at Salton Sea, Calif. (2) Wells are directionally drilled from a few well pads. (3) New land would not be needed if, for example, rooftop panels were deployed in an urban setting. A comparison of land uses for typical geothermal flash and binary plants with those of coal and solar photovoltaic plants is presented in Table 8.2 using data from DiPippo (1991b). 22 m /MW m /GWh These data incorporate realistic capacity factors for each technology. Note that average power outputs, not rated values, were used for the solar plants. A solarthermal plant requires about 20 times more area than a geothermal flash or binary plant; and a solar photovoltaic plant (in the best insolation area in the United States) requires about 50 times more area than a flash or binary plant per MW. The ratios are similar on a per MWh basis. The coal plant, including 30 years of strip mining, requiresPDF Image | Geothermal Environmental Effects
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