PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 009
810 Typically, natural fractures vary in length on a scale of 1 to 10 meters. Seismic energy radiated during the shearing process depends on the length of the fracture or the stress release from the constraining natural forces. A majority of the observed data from existing EGS projects suggest that the higher energy radiated from the shearing is caused by a high stress release from relatively small joint lengths (Michelet et al., 2004). This would suggest that if there were some perceived events on the surface, the frequency content would be too high to generate any seismic risk, but minor events may still raise concerns among local inhabitants. Chapter 8 Environmental Impacts, Attributes, and Feasibility Criteria Signatures of the microseismic events also can be used to quantify the energy radiated from the shearing of fractures, the size of the fractures, the orientation of fractures, dilation and slip of fractures, etc. This is a unique method and serves as a remote sensing technique to observe changes in the reservoir properties (stress), not just during the development of the reservoir but also during the longterm energyextraction phase. 8.2.8 Induced landslides Experience todate suggests that an appropriate infrastructure needs to be set up to inform local residents about the program prior to the implementation of an EGS project. Planning needs to include a system where local residents are briefed on the project and are encouraged to contact a specified person on the program whose duties include answering questions and dealing responsively and sympathetically to any concerns of the local residents. Regular public meetings and arranged visits to the site from schools and interested parties are a way of enhancing acceptance of the program by local residents. 8.2.9 Water use The collection of baseline data at the selected site prior to the onset of drilling is useful in separating natural from induced events. Additionally, it is prudent to instrument the site for any unexpected natural or induced felt microseismic events. A procedure also needs to be in effect to assess any effects on the public and local infrastructure. Lastly, sound geological and tectonic investigations must be carried out prior to the selection of the site to avoid the inadvertent lubrication of a major fault that could cause a significant seismic event. There have been instances of landslides at geothermal fields. The cause of the landslides is often unclear. Many geothermal fields are in rugged terrain that is prone to natural landslides, and some fields actually have been developed atop ancient landslides. Some landslides can be triggered by large earthquakes, but it is highly unlikely that geothermal production and injection could lead to such a massive event. Badly sited wells, particularly shallow injection wells, may interact with faults and cause slippage similar to what has been described in the preceding section. Under these circumstances, it is possible for a section of a slope to give way initiating a landslide. However, such events at hydrothermal fields are rare, and proper geological characterization of the field should eliminate the possibility of such a catastrophe. EGS reservoir development should avoid areas of high landslide risk even though the chance of a catastrophic event is extremely low. Geothermal projects, in general, require access to water during several stages of development and operation. Water use can be managed in most cases to minimize environmental impacts. Various aspects of water use in EGS projects are described below.PDF Image | Geothermal Environmental Effects
PDF Search Title:
Geothermal Environmental EffectsOriginal File Name Searched:
egs_chapter_8.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)