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8.4 Environmental Criteria for Project FeasibilityChapter 8 Environmental Impacts, Attributes, and Feasibility Criteria 8.3.4 Low overall environment impact In all aspects, with the exception of possible effects caused by induced seismicity, geothermal plants are the most environmentally benign means of generating baseload electricity. Overall, EGS plants would have comparable impact to hydrothermal binary plants operating with closedloop circulation. The only potential area of concern, induced seismicity (which is somewhat unique to EGS), can be mitigated, if not overcome, using modern geoscientific methods to thoroughly characterize potential reservoir target areas before drilling and stimulation begin. Continuous monitoring of microseismic noise will serve not only as a vital tool for estimating the extent of the reservoir, but also as a warning system to alert scientists and engineers of the possible onset of a significant seismic event. On balance, considering all the technologies available for generating large amounts of electric power and their associated environmental impacts, EGS is clearly the best choice. In determining the feasibility of an EGS project at a particular location, there are a number of technical criteria that carry direct or indirect environmental implications: • Electricity and/or heat demand in the region • Proximity to transmission and distribution infrastructure • Volume and surface expression of a highquality EGS reservoir • Reservoir life and replacement wells • Circulating fluid chemistry • Flash vs. binary technology • Cost/installed MWe and cost/MWh delivered to a local or regional market • Loadfollowing vs. baseload capability • Plant reliability and safety. In addition, as with any energy supply system, there are environmental criteria that need to be considered before moving forward with a commercial EGS project. These include: • Geologic formations that are not prone to large seismic events, devastating landslides, or excessive subsidence • Compatible land use • Drinking water and aquatic life protection • Air quality standards • Noise standards • GHG emissions/MWh • Solid waste disposal standards • Reuse of spent fluid and waste heat 817PDF Image | Geothermal Environmental Effects
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