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2.2 EGS ResourceBase Calculation – TemperatureatDepth Maps Several data components are needed to calculate temperature at depth. The heat flow (Q) map is the starting point for the calculations. The thermal conductivity (K) and the geothermal gradient ( T, ∂T/∂z) complete the trio of quantities directly involved (see Figure 2.3). In addition to the thermal conductivity as a function of depth, the radioactivity of the crustal rocks (A), the thickness of the radioactivity layer (r), the regional heat flow (i.e., the heat flow from below the radioactive layer, Qm) (Roy et al., 1972), and the average surface temperature (T0 ) must be available at each point in the grid. The components of the analysis used are briefly described below. The resource maps were prepared at a gridding interval of 5 minutes (5’ = 5 minutes = 0.08333°) of latitude/longitude. This grid interval corresponds to points with an average spacing of about 8 km representing an area of about 64 km2. A typical 250 MWe EGS plant might require about 510 km2 of reservoir planar area to accommodate the thermal resource needed, assuming that heat removal occurs in a 1 kmthick region of hot rock at depth. Power plant operations, of course, would be confined to a much smaller area, 3 km2 or less. Thus, at the field level, focused exploration and evaluation will be necessary to select optimum sites in a given region, because the grid size used in the analysis is bigger than a reasonable field size. To summarize, the values of heat flow used to produce the contours for the United States shown in Figure 2.1 were compiled from the following data sets: the SMU compiled Western Geothermal database (includes the USGS Great Basin database http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/openfile/of99 425/webmaps/home.html); the SMUcompiled U.S. Regional Heat Flow database (approximately 2,000 points, see www.smu.edu/geothermal); and the AAPG BHT database (AAPG 1994). The various data site locations are shown in Figure 2.2 by data category. In addition, for completeness, hot and warm spring locations, and Pleistocene and Holocene volcanoes, were shown on the Geothermal Map of North America and on Figure 2.1. Chapter 2 Geothermal ResourceBase Assessment 25PDF Image | Geothermal Resource Base Assessment
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