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228 2.6 Unconventional EGS Associated with Coproduced Fluids and Geopressured Fluids Chapter 2 Geothermal ResourceBase Assessment 2.5 EGS Potential of Hawaii 2.6.1 Introduction There is an existing power plant on the island of Hawaii along the east rift of the Kilauea volcano (Sifford and Bloomquist, 2000). The temperatures are high in this system of basaltic rift activity. There may be other resources in this area, but these are conventional hydrothermal resources. There is little subsurface information available outside of this area. The deepest drill hole on the Island of Hawaii, near Hilo (DePaolo et al., 2001), has a gradient of about 40°C/km below a depth of about 1.9 km and a BHT at 2.9 km of 42°C (Buttner and Huenges, 2003). There might be geothermal resources on Maui; but, on the other islands, geoelectric grade resources are not likely, due to the older age of volcanic activity there. There is little direct thermal information for these areas though, and the possibility of EGS development has not been ruled out. In a recent analysis of the geothermal potential of Hawaii, Lovekin et al. (2006) calculated resource estimates of 1,396 MW for the island of Hawaii (80% related to Kilauea volcano) and 139 MW for the island of Maui. The island of Hawaii has the best possibility for the development of supercritical geothermal resources, if the viability of such development becomes feasible. Extensive interest in such development exists in Iceland, where drilling into such systems is planned in the near future (Fridleifsson and Elders, 2004). There are areas identified in the resource maps (Figure 2.7) where high temperatures are routinely being encountered in sedimentary rock during drilling for hydrocarbons. These temperatures typically reach 150°C (330°F) to more than 200°C (400°F). In some of these areas, significant porosity and permeability exists at depths of 3 to 6 km, and there is potential for large amounts of hot water either with or without stimulation of the reservoirs. In some of these cases, there may be the opportunity to stimulate fluid flows high enough to produce significant quantities of geothermal energy without having to create a new reservoir, or with relatively minor modifications of an existing oil or gas reservoir. So the distinction between an EGS system and a natural hydrothermal system are somewhat blurred. In these areas, there is also a developed infrastructure and an existing energy industry presence. Therefore, it seems possible that EGS or hybrid geothermal systems might be developed before the transition is made to pure, “startfromscratch” EGS systems (McKenna et al., 2005). For the purpose of this report, these situations are divided into two categories: Coproduced Fluids and Geopressured Fluids. Thus, we have added coproduced hot water from oil and gas production as an unconventional EGS resource type, because it could be developed in the short term and provide a first step to more classical EGS exploitation.PDF Image | Geothermal Resource Base Assessment
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