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Chapter 2 Geothermal ResourceBase Assessment 2.6.2 Coproduced fluids: “conventional” geothermal development in hydrocarbon fields 229 Table 2.3 Equivalent geothermal power from coproduced hot water associated with existing hydrocarbon production in selected states (a complete listing is given in Appendix A.2.2). Some areas of oil and gas development have relatively high temperatures at routinely drilled depths for hydrocarbon production. For example, parts of east and south Texas and northwest Louisiana are characterized by temperatures in excess of 150°C (300°F) at depths of 4 to 6 km (13,123 ft to 19,684 ft) (McKenna and Blackwell, 2005; McKenna et al., 2005) (see Figure 2.7). Data from BHT and high resolution log segments in wells in south Texas indicate temperatures of more than 200°C (400°F) at 5 km (16,000 ft). In east Texas, temperatures are more than 150°C in the depth range of 3.5 to 4 km (11,000 to 13,000 ft). And, in northwest Louisiana, BHTs and equilibrium temperature logs document temperatures of 120160°C at only 3 km (10,000 ft). Because in situ thermal conditions have been verified in these specific areas, the substantial areal extent of potential geothermal resources shown in Figure 2.7 is valid. State Total Water Total Water Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Produced Annually, Production Power, Power, Power, in 1,000 kbbl Rate, kGPM MW @ 100°C MW @ 140°C MW @ 180°C Alabama 203,223 18 18 47 88 Arkansas 258,095 23 23 59 112 California 5,080,065 459 462 1,169 2,205 Florida 160,412 15 15 37 70 Louisiana 2,136,573 193 194 492 928 Mississippi 592,518 54 54 136 257 Oklahoma 12,423,264 1,124 1,129 2,860 5,393 Texas 12,097,990 1,094 1,099 2,785 5,252 TOTALS 32,952,141 2,980 2,994 7,585 14,305 In addition to temperature requirements, a geothermal development requires largevolume flows of water, on the order of 1,000 GPM per MW (depending on the temperature). There are two typical types of existing situations associated with hydrocarbon development that are very favorable for geothermal development. The first might be considered “conventional” hydrothermal development, in that high volumes of water are produced in some fields as a byproduct of hydrocarbon production. This situation exists, for example, in massive waterflood secondary recovery fields (Table 2.3). Curtice and Dalrymple (2004) show that coproduced water in the conterminous United States amounts to at least 40 billion barrels per year, primarily concentrated in a handful of states (Figure 2.13). In most mature hydrocarbon fields, the disposal of this coproduced water is an expensive problem (Veil et al., 2004). The factors required for successful geothermal electrical power generation are sufficiently high fluid flow rates for a well or a group of wells in relatively close proximity to each other, at temperatures in excess of 100°C (212°F). Opportunities can be found in most of the basins in the continental United States. For example, Figure 2.13 shows the average total produced water as a byproduct of hydrocarbonPDF Image | Geothermal Resource Base Assessment
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