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2.6.3 Geopressured geothermal resources Chapter 2 Geothermal ResourceBase Assessment extraction. The figures for equivalent power in Table 2.3 represent an upper limit for electricial power generation that could be brought online with relatively low invested cost using all coproduced fluids (see also Chapter 9). The primary unknowns and, hence, limiting factors in these areas are the magnitude of the combined flow rates and the actual temperatures of the produced fluid in these existing hydrocarbon fields. In the case of two fields in Alabama, the temperatures appear to be more than 120°C (250°F), well within the range of binary generation capability. The second category of systems in sedimentary rock is represented by the geopressured areas of deep basins where wells produce at pressures much higher than hydrostatic. The largest areas are in the young Gulf Coast sedimentary basin, but other basins also have geopressured conditions. The geothermal potential of geopressured zones in the northern Gulf of Mexico basin was evaluated in some detail by Papadopulos et al. (1975) and by Wallace et al. (1979). Papadopulos et al. (1975) noted, “Unlike other geothermal areas that are being considered for the development of energy, the energy potential of the waters in the geopressuredgeothermal areas of the northern Gulf of Mexico is not limited to thermal energy. The abnormally high fluid pressures that have resulted from the compartmentalization of the sand and shale beds that contain these hot waters are a potential source for the development of mechanical (hydraulic) energy. In addition, dissolved natural gas, primarily methane, contributes significantly to the energy potential of these waters.” So the development of this type of geothermal resource will also result in the recovery of significant amounts of natural gas that would otherwise be uneconomic. Papadopulos et al. (1975) assessed the resource potential of geopressuredgeothermal reservoirs within the onshore part of Tertiary sediments, under an area of more than 145,000 km2 along the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast – this represents about half of the total area with geopressured conditions (see Figure 2.14). The assessment included only the pore fluids of sediments that lie in the interval between the top of the geopressured zones and the maximum depth of well control in 1975, i.e., a depth of 6 km in Texas and 7 km in Louisiana. They did not include the resource potential of geopressured reservoirs within (i) onshore Tertiary sediments in the interval between the depth of maximum well control and 10 km, (ii) offshore Tertiary sediments, and (iii) Cretaceous sediments. They did estimate that the potential of these additional geopressured reservoirs is about 1.5 to 2.5 times what was assessed in their study. In contrast to geothermal areas of the western United States, subsurface information is abundant for the geopressuredgeothermal area of the northern Gulf of Mexico basin. The area has been actively explored for oil and gas, and hundreds of thousands of wells have been drilled in search of petroleum deposits in the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. The data presented by Papadopulos et al. (1975) represent general conditions in the various regions outlined. They believed that their information on geologic structure, sand thickness, temperature, and pressure were adequate for the purpose of their study. On the other hand, they noted a lack of sufficient data on porosity, permeability, and salinity. The basis on which various data presented were determined, calculated, or assumed was discussed in the “Appendix” to their report (White and Williams, 1975). 231PDF Image | Geothermal Resource Base Assessment
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