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Myth 2: Geothermal Resources are Nonrenewable Truth: Geothermal resources are, by both legal classification and scientific definition, renewable. The word ìgeothermalî comes from the Latin roots, ìgeo,î defined as ìEarth,î and ìthermal,î defined as ìheat.î Geothermal energy is literally heat from the Earth, and the Earthís heat is essentially limitless. As far as today's science can determine, the center of the Earth has been very, very hot for some 3.9 billion years and will continue to be hot for at least that far into the future. At the Earthís core, 4,000 miles deep, temperatures can reach upwards of 9,000 0 F (5,000 0 C).22 In addition, the underground water or steam used to convert heat energy into power will never diminish if managed properly, because precipitation will continue to recharge geothermal reservoirs. Geothermal resources can be considered renewable ìon timescales of technological/societal systems and do not need geological times for regeneration as fossil fuel reserves do.î23 The National Energy Policy Act of 1992 and the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980 both define geothermal energy as a renewable resource.24 The Larderello field in Italy, site of the worldís first geothermal power plant, is currently celebrating its 100th anniversary of commercial electricity production. VI. Managing Geothermal Systems In existing geothermal systems, the heat from the Earth is transformed into power using underground water or steam. In some cases, there have been production declines at geothermal fields. Declines may be caused by wellfield problems with scaling, by a loss of water/steam, or by declining temperatures in specific areas or wells. With a geothermal resource, heat may continue to be available indefinitely, but the carrier medium (water) and reservoir must be properly managed. Managing the fluids used to generate power is an important part of developing a sustainable geothermal energy plant. The carrier medium, either water or, at higher temperatures, steam, is stored in what is known as a geothermal reservoir. A geothermal reservoir is the entire system of fractured and permeable rocks, along with the hot water or steam circulating in that volume of rock.25 The success of a geothermal power plant depends upon how efficiently the geothermal reservoir is managed, regardless of the temperature or type of resource itself. 22 Geothermal Education Office (2000). Geothermal Energy Facts. Retrieved December 21, 2004, from http://geothermal.marin.org/pwrheat.html. 23 Rybach et al (1999): How Renewable Are Geothermal Resources? Geothermal Resources Council [GRC] Transactions, Vol. 23, Oct 17-20, 563-566. 24 Northwest Power and Conservation Council (2004). Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act. Retrieved September 18, 2004, from http://www.nwcouncil.org/library/poweract/default.htm 25 U.S. DOE. NREL (March 1998). Reservoir Engineering. (DOE/GO-10098-535). Retrieved February 1, 2005 from http://www.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/pdfs/reservoir.pdf. 14PDF Image | Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Geothermal plants
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