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The last nationwide geothermal resource assessment (USGS Circular 790) was published in 1978, and a comparison of its findings with the current state of knowledge and development highlights some important points.30 • Circular 790 identified nine western states (Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon and Utah) with the potential for at least 100 MW of electrical power generation per state from identified geothermal systems. • The total identified high temperature geothermal resource in these nine states was estimated at approximately 22,000 MW. Today, only California has realized a significant fraction (22%) of this potential (2,600 out of 12,000 MW). If the entire estimated resource for these nine states could be exploited as electrical power, it would equal 21.5% of the electrical power generated from all other sources. • USGS estimated that additional undiscovered resources ranged from 72,000 to 127,000 MW. Technological developments during the last decade have increased the depth at which projects can be viably developed. Some new projects under consideration in the U.S. today involve resources near or below the previously assumed 4 kilometer limit. U.S. resource estimates do not effectively consider the potential for energy production from resources below these depths. A new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Assessment is being initiated and should provide important new information when completed. Small scale, ìdirect useî systems, which use the heat directly from the geothermal water rather than converting it to electricity, can be used effectively so long as waters are as low as 80°F (27 0 C). Figure 9 shows normal subterranean temperatures at 3 kilometers depth,31 while Figure 10 shows subterranean temperatures at 6 kilometers depth.32 Note the drastic expansion in potentially useful geothermal energy across the country as depth increases. 30 Statement of Dr. Colin F. Williams, Supervisory Geophysicist (May 3, 2001). U.S. Geological Survey. Before The Subcommittee On Energy And Mineral Resources, Committee On Resources, U.S. House Of Representatives. 31 Source: University of Utah Research Institute (UURI) 32 Source: David Blackwell, Southern Methodist University (SMU) Geothermal Lab 16PDF Image | Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Geothermal plants
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