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Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Geothermal plants

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Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Geothermal plants ( guide-geothermal-energy-and-environment-geothermal-plants )

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amount of carbon dioxide found in geothermal fluid can vary depending on location, and the amount of carbon dioxide actually released into the atmosphere can vary depending on plant design. This makes it difficult to generalize about the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by an ìaverageî geothermal power plant. For example, binary plants with air cooling are in a closed loop system and emit no carbon dioxide because in this system the geothermal fluids are never exposed to the atmosphere. Despite these disparities, geothermal power plants will emit only a small fraction of the carbon dioxide emitted by traditional power plants on a per-megawatt hour basis. Figure 17 shows carbon dioxide emissions from the average geothermal plant compared with fossil fuel plants.71 Noncondensable gases such as carbon dioxide make up less than 5 percent by weight of the steam phase of most geothermal systems.72 Of that 5 percent, carbon dioxide typically accounts for 75 percent or more of noncondensable gas by volume. Because of the low level of carbon dioxide emissions, geothermal power production currently prevents the emission of 22 million tons of carbon dioxide annually when compared to coal production. 71 Sources: Average emissions rates in the United States from oil-fired generation from U.S. EPA Clean Energy Impacts (2005). Retrieved January 10, 2005, from http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/oil.htm; coal and natural gas: Plattís Research and Consulting, based on data from EPAís Continuous Monitoring System (2003); geothermal: DOE data (2000). 72 Reed, Marshall J. and Joel L. Renner. (1995). Environmental Compatibility of Geothermal Energy. In F. S. Sterret (Eds.), Alternative Fuels and the Environment. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 33

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