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Myth 6: Current Geothermal Development Alters Geothermal Land Features Truth: Although all geothermal development can potentially disrupt land features, proper project management reduces or altogether eliminates land alteration. U.S. law prohibits geothermal development in sensitive areas as a precautionary measure. Geothermal development is forbidden in and around Yellowstone National Park, for example, in order to protect the famous geysers in the park. The geothermal development of the 1970s and early 1980s, which sometimes altered surrounding geysers, fumaroles and other surface features, prompted U.S. regulation, including the Steam Act and other national laws, which protect national parks and their significant thermal features from adverse impacts. Geothermal developers make every effort to protect natural surface features, both by strictly adhering to federal laws, and also by employing their own independent management techniques. It is important to note, in addition, that geysers and fumaroles can both arise and disappear naturally, without any human interference. In some developed geothermal fields, it is difficult to distinguish such natural ephemeral behavior from changes induced by geothermal or potable water resource development. Over time, pressure increases in hot springs can cause geysers to erupt continuously and become narrower in shape. If increased pressure causes a geyser to explode, it often resumes its previous shape and pressure as a hot spring. Moreover, the fluid pathways that feed a surface manifestation can be altered due to natural processes such as deposition and dissolution of minerals, interaction with meteoric water, and seismicity. Any of these factors can cause dramatic changes in the location, appearance, or existence of manifestation. At times, weather patterns such as droughts have been shown to affect the activity of geothermal surface features. So both natural phenomenon and geothermal development have the potential toóbut do not alwaysóalter geothermal land features. XV. Impact on Wildlife and Vegetation Geothermal development poses only minimal impact to wildlife and vegetation in the surrounding area when compared with alternatives such as coal. It should be noted that geothermal facilities must sometimes be built in more sensitive areas than coal plants. However, increased sensitivity leads to increased mitigation and surveillance in these areas. Before geothermal construction can even begin, an environmental review may be required to categorize potential effects upon plants and animals. In preparation for Telephone Flat construction, for example, a biological study area of o mile beyond the perimeter of the project wellfield took inventory of vegetation and species, noting habitat requirements and suitability.130 While any disruption of land that results from power plant construction has the potential to disturb habitat, geothermal plants, like any type of power plant, must comply with a host of regulations that protect areas set for 130 Telephone Flat Environmental Impact Statement, 3.3-33 58PDF Image | Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Geothermal plants
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