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The green line in Figure 1.2 corresponds to the organic fluid flowing within the organic Rankine cycle. The red line corresponds to the input waste heat, which can be in the form of a gas or a liquid. Usually thermal oil or water is used if the source is liquid. The blue line corresponds to the input cooling fluid, which is usually water from a reservoir or a nearby river. There are four main components of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The first is the pump, which forces the organic fluid to flow through the cycle. The second is the evaporator which takes the waste heat as its input and transfers the heat to the working fluid which causes the fluid to change phase to a vapor. The third main component is the turbine generator combination which takes the working fluid vapor as the input and uses it to rotate a shaft which then produces power from the generator. The fourth component is the condenser which takes cold water as the input and transfers the heat from the working fluid to the cooling water. This causes the fluid to change phase back from a vapor to a liquid. The fifth component on this ORC is the recuperator heat exchanger which improves the efficiency of the cycle by taking more of the heat out of the working fluid before it is condensed and transferring the heat to the working fluid before it enters the evaporator. The problem with the recuperator is that it can only be used on certain types of working fluids. The different types of working fluids are defined by their slope on the vapor side of the saturation dome and will be discussed later. Only dry working fluids leave the evaporator before they have entered the two-phase state and their temperature is still much higher than the condensing temperature which means that they can transfer some of this heat to the working fluid 6PDF Image | NESTER, RYAN TIMOTHY. Organic Rankine Cycles: A Comparative Study and Analysis of Multiple Applications.
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