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A fluid that has a negative slope, such as the red line in Figure 1.3, is called a wet fluid. The most common wet fluid is water but other wet fluids include: ethanol, methane, hydrogen, and most fuels. A fluid that has a positive slope, such as the blue line in Figure 1.3, is called a dry fluid. Common dry fluids include: toluene, n-pentane, iso-pentane, R-245fa and many refrigerants. A fluid that has an infinite slope, such the green line in Figure 1.3, is called an isentropic fluid. Common isentropic fluids include: benzene, R-11, R-123, and hexane. The different types of fluids can alter the thermal efficiency of the ORC and each type can offer a different advantage when it is used within the cycle. For instance, isentropic fluids are best at recovering low temperature waste heat whereas wet fluids are best at recovering high temperature waste heat and dry fluids are able to be used with a recuperator. The different types of fluids mainly affect the state of the working fluid at the exit of the turbine. Since the vapor-saturation curve for a wet fluid has a negative slope it is possible to be in a two-phase region after undergoing isentropic expansion in the turbine, if it is not highly superheated in the evaporator. This can be seen by drawing a vertical line starting at the pressure and temperature specified and ending at the final temperature and entropy. If this line lies in the saturation dome then it is possible that the fluid is still in the two-phase region. Since an isentropic fluid has an infinite slope on the vapor saturation curve the saturated vapor at the inlet to the turbine remains saturated throughout an isentropic expansion in an ideal turbine. Since a dry fluid has a positive slope on the saturation vapor curve when it undergoes an isentropic expansion in the turbine the fluid is superheated at the exit of the turbine. 16PDF Image | NESTER, RYAN TIMOTHY. Organic Rankine Cycles: A Comparative Study and Analysis of Multiple Applications.
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