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314 Chapter 3 Recoverable EGS Resource Estimates MWe = ηth Qrec � 1MJ/1000kJ � 1/t (33) where Qrec = recoverable thermal energy (heat) in kWs (or kJ) Table3.2TotalrecoverableenergyinnetMW for30years,with20%recoverablefractionofthermal energy from the reservoir. ηth = net cycle thermal efficiency (fraction) t = seconds in 30 years = 30 yr x 365 days/yr x 24 hrs/day x 3600 s/hr. = 9.46 x 10 s Depth of Power Amount at Slice, km available for 150°C, Amount at Amount at Amount at 8 Amount at 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, MW MW MW MW slice, MW MW eeeeee Specifying a recovery factor is arbitrary – however, by assuming a range that spans an order of magnitude and is always lower than the estimates by Sanyal and Butler, we have sufficiently captured the inherent uncertainty in this prediction. The exploitable amount of thermal energy was further reduced by assuming that only a small fraction is actually removed during the period of production to generate electric power. This additional reduction was implemented by specifying a mean temperature of the reservoir at the end of production. This is the abandonment temperature [Tr,a in Eq. (31)] and had a value of 10°C below the initial rock temperature, T . 3 to 4 122,000 120,000 800 700 400 4 to 5 719,000 678,000 39,000 900 1,200 5 to 6 1,536,000 1,241,000 284,000 11,000 600 6 to 7 2,340,000 1,391,000 832,000 114,000 2,800 7 to 8 3,245,000 1,543,000 1,238,000 415,000 r,i 48,000 1,200 8 to 10 4,524,000 1,875,000 1,195,000 1,100,000 302,000 54,000 TOTAL 12,486,000 (a) See Table 3.1 for values of the cycle thermal efficiency used. (b) T = T – 10°C, i.e., 10°C below the initial rock temperature [see Eq. (31)]. a,i r,i e Table 3.2 shows the recoverable heat as electric power for the United States, assuming a 30year project life for each depth and average temperature, and a 20% recovery factor. Table 3.3 shows the recoverable heat as electric power using a 2% recovery factor. At only 2% recovery, we note that the 45 km deep section of the EGS resource on its own represents an increase of about a factor of 25 over today’s U.S. electricity production from geothermal energy. As we go deeper, or increase the recovery factor above 2%, the recoverable electrical power increases proportionally. Going forward, we expect both enhancements to occur as a result of EGS technology improvements from invested R&D and learning curve cost reductions (see Chapter 9 for more details).PDF Image | Recoverable EGS
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