Review of EGS and Related Technology

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4.3 Fenton Hill Chapter 4 Review of EGS and Related Technology – Status and Achievements 4.3.1 Project history The project at Fenton Hill was the first attempt anywhere to make a deep, full­scale HDR reservoir. The site – on the edge of the Valles Caldera at the northern end of the Rio Grande rift zone in north­ central New Mexico – was chosen for its heat and rock characteristics, as well as its proximity to the Los Alamos National Laboratory where the project was conceived. The purpose of the project was to develop methods to extract energy economically from HDR systems located in crystalline, granitic/metamorphic basement rock of suitably high temperature. The R&D program was roughly divided into two major phases. Phase I, starting in 1974 and completed in 1980, dealt with field development and associated research on a 3 km deep reservoir with a temperature of about 200°C. Phase II followed in 1979, with the drilling of EE­2 into a deeper (4.4 km), hotter (300°C) reservoir. Figure 4.2 shows a map of the site and some characteristic properties of the formation and stimulated reservoirs. The first deep well drilled at Fenton Hill, called GT­2, was started on February 17, 1974, and was completed to a temporary depth of 2,042 m in September 1974. Following the completion of the well, a series of hydraulic fracturing tests was run, and completed in early October of 1974. After these tests were completed, the well was deepened to 2,932 m. Bottom­hole temperatures (BHT) were about 180°C. The second deep hole drilled at Fenton Hill was Energy Extraction Hole 1 (EE­1). EE­1 was drilled from May 1975 through October 1975, to a total depth of 3,064 m and with a similar BHT as GT­2. Additional hydraulic fracturing was then performed, but the reservoir connecting the wells was deemed inadequate. It was determined that additional fracturing would likely not create the desired reservoir connection. As a result, it was decided to directionally redrill one of the wells into the fracture system created by the other. In 1977, an attempt to establish a high­permeability flow path between the two was performed on GT­2, at approximately 2,500 m (GT­2A), and was also determined to be inadequate. The lower part of GT­2A was then cemented in May 1977; and another hole, named GT­2B, was directionally drilled out of the upper portion of GT2­A at around 2,530 m. An acceptable connection was made between GT2­B and EE­1 at 2,673 m, with an average separation between the two boreholes of 100 m. Figure 4.3 shows the wells in vertical profile with the stimulated fracture zone shown in hatching (Tester and Albright, 1979). 4­7

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