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Review of EGS and Related Technology – Status and Achievements Chapter 4 429 showed a connection between the two wells. A twoweek circulation test was then performed by injecting into GPK2 and producing from GPK1. The rate was stepped up from an initial rate of 12 kg/s to 56 kg/s (Jung et al., 1996). During 1995–1996, some circulation tests included the use of an electric submersible pump. With the production well pumped, a circulation rate of more than 21 kg/s was achieved. The surface temperature of the produced water approached 136°C (injection was at 40°C), with a thermal power output of about 9 MWt. The use of a production pump helped maximize power output in this situation, with large open fractures. In 1996, GPK2 was restimulated, using a maximum rate of 78 kg/s with a total volume of 58,000 m3 injected. Following this stimulation, in 1997, a fourmonth, closedloop flow test was conducted injecting into GPK2 and producing from GPK1. Injection and production stabilized at 25 kg/s, with no net fluid losses. Only 250 kWe pumping power was required to produce the thermal output of 10 MWt. In 1997–1998, with the aim of gradually transferring the project to industrial management, several new participants were added to the Soultz project, including Shell and several French and German utility companies. With new funding, the decision was made to deepen GPK2 to a TVD of 5,000 m to reach at least 200°C. This required removal of the existing casing, cementing, and reaming out from 6.25 inches to 8.5 inches, and installing new casing to 4,200 m. New hightemperature cement and new metal packers allowed a successful completion of the deepened new GPK2. The predicted temperature of 200°C was measured at a depth of 4,950 m (TVD). An additional acoustic monitoring well, OPS4, was drilled to a depth of 1,500 m and instrumented to improve the accuracy of acoustic event locations. The measurement of the initial, natural prestimulation injectivity of about 0.2 kg/s/MPa in the new deep part of GPK2 was consistent with those seen in the depth range of 3,200–3,800 m. During the summer of 2000, GPK2 was stimulated using heavy brines to attempt to stimulate the deeper zones preferentially. The overpressure needed to create the large reservoir was lower than anticipated. Nearly 23,400 m3 water was injected at flow rates from 30 kg/s to 50 kg/s, with a maximum wellhead pressure of 14.5 MPa. The acoustic emissions mapping shows the stimulated reservoir extending NNW/SSE, about 500 m wide, 1,500 m long, and 1,500 m tall. No leakoff to the upper reservoir was detected, and the fact that the majority of the fluid exited the open hole at the bottom during stimulation is very encouraging, because most of the injected fluid enters the well where initial rock temperatures are about 195–200°C. A number of geophysical logging runs were made to assess the natural and stimulated state of the well. A major conductive fracture set, oriented N160E, was observed from this imagery along with two secondary fracture sets oriented N140E and N20E. All fracture sets dip steeply to the west or east (Moriya et al., 2003). Starting in 2001, the deep production wells for the hightemperature reservoir were drilled. All of the wells were started from the same pad. GPK3 (see Figure 4.13) was drilled to 5,093 m to target a zone in the stimulated area created from GPK2 in 2000. The bottomhole separation between GPK2 and GPK3 was 600 m. The bottom zone of GPK3 was stimulated to extend the existing reservoir of GPK2 by an overlapping volume of enhanced permeability.PDF Image | Review of EGS and Related Technology
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