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Review of EGS and Related Technology – Status and Achievements Chapter 4 439 The value of minimum horizontal stress derived from the single HFSM (3,350 m) lies between 42 and 45 MPa. The derived value of the maximum horizontal stress is about 88 MPa, which is very close to the likely value of the overburden stress at 3,350 m. In summary: • The stimulation connected one section to another in a single borehole. • Circulation was established across a section with only 70 m of separation • This concept was later used for the singlewell concept at Horstberg. For directuse applications where only low flows are needed, this can reduce the cost of the installation. Switzerland – Basel and Geneva, Deep Heat Mining. The Deep Heat Mining (DHM) projects underway in Switzerland plan to generate power at sites in Basel and Geneva within the next 10 years (Tenzer, 2001). At Basel, a 2.7 km exploration well was drilled and studied, and is now being equipped with seismic instrumentation. At the Geneva site, detailed investigations are being conducted to site the first exploratory well. A unique aspect of the Basel project is that drilling is taking place within city limits, and the heat produced by the system has the potential for direct use as well as electrical generation. The projects were initiated in 1996 and are partly financed by the Federal Office of Energy (OFEN). Private and public institutions support the activities of the project. In Basel, Switzerland, a pilot plant is being developed to use energy extracted by EGS technology for cogeneration of electrical power and heat for local district heating. The core of the project, called Deep Heat Mining Basel, is a well triplet into hot granitic basement at a depth of 5,000 m. Two additional monitoring wells into the top of the basement rock will be equipped with multiple seismic receiver arrays. They will record the fractureinduced seismic signals to map the seismic active domain of the stimulated reservoir volume. Reservoir temperature is expected to be 200°C. Water circulation of 100 kg/s through one injection well and two production wells will result in 30 MW of thermal power at wellheads. It has not yet been decided what conversion cycle will be used for electric power production. The plant is in an industrial area of Basel, where the waste incineration of the municipal water purification plant provides an additional heat source. In combination with this heat source and an additional gas turbine, a combined cogeneration plant can produce annually up to 108 GWh of electric power and 39 GWh of thermal power to the district heating grid. Basel is not only situated at the southeastern end of the Rhine Graben, but also at the northern front of the Jura Mountains, the outermost expression and youngest part of the Alpine fold belt. The peculiar coincidence of northnorthwest trending compression and westnorthwest extension creates a seismically active environment. The geothermal reservoir and the power plant will be located within this seismically active area. Therefore, it is important to record and understand the natural seismic activity as accurately as possible, prior to stimulation of a deep reservoir volume, which is characteristically accompanied by induced seismicity. The first exploration well, Otterbach 2, was drilled in 2001 into granitic basement at 2,650 m, to a total depth of 2,755 m. The well is planned to become a monitoring well to record regional seismic events, as well as the stimulation events. Borehole deformation logging using acoustic and electric borehole televiewer tools shows induced fractures pointing predominantly in a NNW direction, and induced borehole breakouts in the perpendicular direction. This trend is precisely in line with the regional stress field. No pressure testsPDF Image | Review of EGS and Related Technology
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