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440 Chapter 4 Review of EGS and Related Technology – Status and Achievements were performed. The well was drilled with a balanced mud system. The fact that induced fractures are observed already in a balanced well indicates that fracturing in the granite will not require large hydraulic pressures. The EGS project of the European Community at SoultzsousForêts, 150 km north (also situated in the Rhine Graben), experienced similar conditions. In an injection test over a period of 126 days, with flow rates around 25 kg/s through a reservoir at 3.5 km depth, injection pressures averaged 3 MPa. The next well is planned to the targeted reservoir depth of 5,000 m. It will be drilled on an industrial site in the city of Basel. It is intended to deviate the well at a depth of 3,000 m to the east, with an angle of 15°, in order to improve chances to penetrate open fractures associated with the main boundary fault system. When the main targets of a minimum temperature of 190°C and a fractured reservoir rock are found in a favorable stress field, the well will be suspended. A second monitoring well at 2 km to the east will then be drilled and equipped with a seismic array similar to the Otterbach well. The two extended seismic arrays provide a series of locally independent receiver points, sufficient to compute the location of a seismic source with the required accuracy. Subsequently, injection tests will be conducted in the deep well in order to develop an EGS reservoir. The final two deep wells will be directionally drilled from the same location. The conversion cycle for power production will be selected following proof of circulation. The exploration phase (proof of circulation) should be completed within two years. Besides the technical challenges to stimulate a fracture system along a fault system in a seismically active area, other environmental challenges, such as drillingnoise mitigation in a city, have to be met. • This project will be the first project to demonstrate the use of EGS technology to produce both heat and power. • The wells are drilled in the city of Basel in an industrial part of town, and demonstrate the potential for coexistence of EGS projects with other industrial activities within city limits. • Drilling problems in the sedimentary section were caused by swelling clays and often led to stuck drill pipe. Problems were encountered in the crystalline basement as well. • Because of the location of the wells under a city center, the potential for damage from a major seismic event associated with stimulation and production is greater than in rural areas. France – Le Mayet de Montagne. The Le Mayet site is 25 km eastsoutheast of Vichy, France, at the northern fringe of the Massif Central. Granite extends to the surface, forming undulating topography of height less than 100 m, and offering exposures of fractures in outcrop. Rock and hydromechanical aspects of the problem of exploiting hot dry rock (HDR) reservoirs have been studied. In the late 1980s, two, nearvertical boreholes were drilled approximately 800 m deep and 100 m apart along a line striking N140E. Well 1118 (780 m depth) lies to the northwest of 1119 (840 m depth). Borehole packers were used to isolate a number of locations over a span of several hundred meters for multiple stimulation experiments, producing a localized hydraulic linkage of large surface area between the two wells. The experiments involve high flowrate (2030 kg/s) stimulation of selected intervals (with and without proppant), conventional hydrofracture stimulations (73 kg/s), and longterm circulationsPDF Image | Review of EGS and Related Technology
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