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442 Chapter 4 Review of EGS and Related Technology – Status and Achievements at fluid pressures well below the fracextension pressure. Longterm extrapolations of the venting flow rate, however, showed that the desired flow rate of 6.9 kg/s cannot be maintained over a prolonged time period, because the production and reinjection horizons (at 1,200 m depth) do not communicate, and the overall yield of the formation accessed by the fracture is too low. The results of cyclic tests, consisting of a coldwater injection period, a warmup period, and a venting period were very promising. The fluid volumes and production temperatures achieved during these tests show that this can be an alternative concept for heat extraction from tight sedimentary rock. To monitor microseismicity induced during stimulations, a seismic network was installed. It consists of eight stations installed on two circles with radii of 800 and 1,600 m, centered around the well position at depth and a surface array of 60 geophones. At each of the stations, a 100 m deep well was drilled, and geophones were installed permanently at the bottom of these wells. Data were analyzed onsite with respect to the occurrence of microseismicity. In contrast to hydrofrac tests in crystalline rock, where several thousands or tens of thousands of microseismic events were detected and located with networks of comparable sensitivity, only a few events were detected here. A reliable source location could not be inferred for any of these events. The experiences gained within the project, however, are highly relevant for the oil and gas industry in the Northern German Basin, because they have a lively interest in seismic monitoring of stimulation operations. To sum up: • This project demonstrates the benefits of stimulation in a sedimentary environment – large storage coefficient and preexisting permeability. • The concept of using a single borehole was not effective, because there was no connection between the injection zone and the production zone, so the production zone was not recharged and could not support longterm production. • Few microseismic events were detected during stimulation and circulation tests, especially compared to the large number of microseismic events generated and detected during stimulation in crystalline rock.PDF Image | Review of EGS and Related Technology
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