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4.10 Generalizations from EGS Field Testing Review of EGS and Related Technology – Status and Achievements 87 Testing completed 6543 Projected tests Chapter 4 Cooper Basin Soultz Deep Phase II 443 Progress in improving the technology needed to produce commercialscale EGS reservoirs has been dramatic in the past few years. We have long been able to drill the wells, stimulate the rock to improve tranmissivity, target wells into the stimulated volume, and make a connection between producer and injector. We can circulate the fluids for long time periods, from months to more than one year, at reasonably high rates, 1030 kg/s. When measurable temperature drops were observed, they were correlated with the size of the stimulated reservoir using a range of thermal hydraulic modeling approaches (for example, see Tester and Albright, 1979; Armstead and Tester, 1987; and Tester et al., 1989). Figure 4.16 shows the produced thermal energy output for several major EGS projects spanning 30 years. In addition, projections are shown for current EGS projects in the United States, Europe, and Australia. We can monitor the stimulation to map the fractured volume – we can map fractures in the borehole, log the wells for temperature and pressure to a very high degree of accuracy, and determine stress state from borehole data. 210 Fenton Hill Soultz deep 1995 2000 2005 2010 Phase II 1975 1980 1985 Fenton Hill Phase I 1990 Year Figure 4.16 Evolution of estimated electrical power output per production well, with time from EGS projects. The Fenton Hill, Coso, and Desert Peak projects received, or are receiving, major funding from the U.S. DOE. Coso Desert Peak Lessons Learned from Natural Hydrothermal Systems. The basic EGS techniques of permeability enhancement, heat mining, and injection augmentation already work. They are regularly used in regions where the natural fractures support flow and connectivity, but where recharge is limited. At Mahangdong (Yglopaz), and Mindanao (Ramonchito) in the Philippines; and two sites in Indonesia; as well as Coso, (Petty, personal communication), The Geysers, East Mesa, and Steamboat in the United States (Petty, personal communication), hydraulic stimulation, with or without acidizing, has resulted in increased permeability. At East Mesa, cooling of the resource after more than 10 years of operation was reduced or halted by moving injectors or drilling new ones, shutting off zones of thermal breakthrough by recompleting wells, and by changing pumpsetting depths to produce preferentially from zones with higher temperatures. At The Geysers, drying of the reservoir, increase in noncondensable gases, and pressure drawdown with little or no natural recharge were addressed Thermal output (MWe equivalent) Rosemanowes Ogachi Hijiori Soultz shallowPDF Image | Review of EGS and Related Technology
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