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Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of water at 313 K for active carbon/CaCl2 (filled points desorption), silica gel 1/CaCl2 and the CaCl2 impregnated attapulgite (from left to right),. As can be seen the shape and position of the isotherms, the integral molar heats of sorption (hydratation) and the storage densities are influenced by the pore architecture of the hosting material. Whereas in the meso- and macroporous supports the pores are big enough (20-60 nm in diameter) to form one after the other the dihydrate (first step at 0.1 g/g in Figure 5), the tetrahydrate (step at 0.2 g/g) and at higher equilibrium pressures the hexahydrate (see Jänchen et al., 2000). However, the isotherm of the active carbon do not show a stepwise course in accordance with XRD measurements and has a hysteresis loop different to the other materials (for a <0.1 g/g). In the XRD no diffraction pattern for any hydrate can be observed different to the other materials with bigger pores. Obviously, no defined hydrates can be created in the small micropores with a diameter of <4 nm. Table 1 Results of the TG/DSC measurements: sorbed amounts of water, integral molar heats of sorption of the water and energy densities for impregnated materials with different pore size distribution Material Active carbon/ CaCl2 Silica gel 1/CaCl2 Attapulgite/ CaCl2 Silica gel 2/ CaCl2 Kind of porosity of the host microporous mesoporous small macropores macroporous Sorbed amount in g/g 0.385 0.395 0.395 0.490 Qint ρQ in kJ/mol in Wh/g 53.4 0.317 50.6 0.299 48.7 0.297 50.7 0.382 Investigation of the micro- and mesoporous materials in the lab-scaled storage Table 2 and Figure 6 show the results for selected micro- and mesoporous storage materials obtained by measurements with the lab-scaled storage. As can be seen the new low silica X-type zeolite (in the Li- and Na form) gives the highest values for the adsorbed amounts of water, the storage densities and the maximum temperature which could be achieved in the storage (see also Figure 6). In the case of the SAPO, the impregnated microporous active carbon and the mesoporous materials (common silica gel and an impregnated attapulgite) the desorption (charging) temperature can be lower as for LSX but the 7th Workshop of IEA/ECES Annex 17, 8-12 October 2004, Beijing, PR of China 5PDF Image | STORAGE OF LOW TEMPERATURE HEAT BY ZEOLITES
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