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5.8.3 Downhole pumps Chapter 5 Subsurface System Design Issues and Approaches 5.8.4 Hightemperature packers or other wellinterval isolation systems 59 information systems as well as to seismicmonitoring tools. There is a strong need for high temperature instrumentation in other technologies such as internal combustion engine monitoring, generators and power generation systems, nuclear power generation monitoring, and high temperature oil and gas well drilling and logging. These industries can support some of the developments to extend the temperature range for these components. However, geothermal temperatures can far exceed the highest temperatures in oil and gas wells. So, while we can piggyback to some extent on the oil and gas industry, there is still a need for a focused geothermal instrumentation program. 5.8.5 Shortcircuit prevention and repair Experience has shown that downhole pumping of the production well is essential for longterm production management of the EGS reservoir system. However, only lineshaft pumps are currently capable of longterm operation in temperatures above 175°C. Lineshaft pumps are of limited usefulness for EGS development, because they cannot be set at depths greater than about 600 m. In principle, there is no limitation on the setting depth of electric submersible pumps; but these are not widely used in the geothermal industry. 5.8.6 Fracture design models We know from experience that when we pump from the surface, we preferentially stimulate those fractures that accepted fluid before the stimulation. If we want to stimulate preexisting fractures that do not accept fluid or create fractures where none exist, we would need to isolate sections of the borehole for separate stimulation. At present, we do not have packers that will accomplish this reliably. Most packers use elastomer elements that are limited in temperature to about 225°C. All metal packers have been developed, but because there is not much demand for packers that function at high temperatures, these have not been tested widely or made routinely available. There is the potential for setting cemented strings of expanded casing with sealable sections in the openhole section of the well, but this has not been tested either. Inflatable cement packers have been used in certain oilfield applications. They were tried at Fenton Hill unsuccessfully but later implemented successfully at Soultz using cement inflatable aluminum packers. In general, they have not yet been used in hydrothermal wells. Short circuiting, the development of preferred pathways in stimulated reservoirs, is one of the major problems for EGS economics. Short circuits may develop as part of the initial fracturing process, or during longterm circulation. Either way, we need a suite of methods to repair the situation, or be forced to abandon large sections of the stimulated volume. Credible hydraulicfracturing simulation models capable of addressing the propagation of clusters of shear fractures in crystalline rock are not available. Developments must include incorporating dynamic (pressure, time, and temperature) poroelastic and thermoelastic effects in the formations penetrated by the fractures and in the regions of the fracture perimeter – as well as consideration of using explosive and intermediate strain rate stimulation methods.PDF Image | Subsurface System Design Issues EGS vs. Hydrothermal Pool
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