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512 production, or for mining, can be used to install microseismic monitoring equipment. Sites that already have these holes can save money on installing the equipment. A site where such a monitoring system is already in place would provide baseline background data as well as reduce cost. 5.10 Diagnostics for EGS Reservoir Characterization 5.11 Reservoir Stimulation Methods Chapter 5 Subsurface System Design Issues and Approaches Understanding of lithology and preexisting fractures. Data on lithology from other exploration efforts, such as oil and gas or an existing well of opportunity, can greatly reduce the risk of the project. The well should be logged and tested to obtain as much information as possible about the undisturbed fracture network. Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) or resistivity surveys may be helpful in identifying major structures. Compared to typical oil and gas field data, there is scant information pertinent to geothermal prospects in crystalline rock. Information collection and diagnostic programs are essential to enhancing understanding, insight and knowledge of the behavior of geothermal granites. Although such programs can be costly, the oil and gas industry learned that the cost of ignorance far exceeds the cost of knowledge when trying to develop lowpermeability gas formations. Hence, information collection and diagnostic programs are strongly recommended to accelerate the economical development of EGS. Appendix A.5.3 describes, in detail, the tests recommended to be conducted on the first well to be drilled into a prospective EGS reservoir. In developing a methodology for creating EGS reservoirs, the primary goal of R&D in field testing is to improve the repeatability and reliability of stimulation methods. Because the cost of drilling the wells and generating the fractured volume is high, correcting problems such as short circuiting and high nearwellbore pressure drop should be a primary goal of any research efforts. There are two general methods for creating a geothermal reservoir: (i) hydraulic fracturing through successive isolation and stimulation of sections of the wellbore (for details see Gidley et al., 1989), and (ii) stimulation of preexisting fractures at pressures just high enough to cause shear failure. The original concept developed in the 1970s of improving the residual permeability of the in situ rock mass at depth by injecting fluid under high pressure in successive sections of the wellbore has not yet been tested adequately because of technical difficulties. To overcome the problem of thermal drawdown, the concept of parallel stimulations evolved to enhance the total stimulated rock volume (Parker, 1989). Supporting this concept are the following ideas: i. Stronger planned growth of microseismicity following stimulation of short packedoff zones. ii. The apparent lack of microseismic overlap and the limited hydraulic connection between neighboring stimulated segments.PDF Image | Subsurface System Design Issues EGS vs. Hydrothermal Pool
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