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Subsurface System Design Issues and Approaches Chapter 5 iii. The belief that a large openhole length improves the chance of good connections to natural hydraulic features, which could be enhanced further by bulk stimulation with little development of the rest of the potential EGS reservoir. iv. Increased engineering confidence in an ability to satisfactorily conduct stimulations of small zones with near planar spread of stimulated regions. The observed pressure/microseismic response of each small stimulation might be used to tailor the stimulation for each zone to the requirements of a uniform reservoir. For example, at Rosemanowes, U.K., it was found that the impedance to flow between wells was too high, that the reservoir volume was too low, and that this had resulted in significant thermal drawdown. The use of gels with varying degrees of viscosity was tested to overcome the impedance problem by jacking the joints apart farther into the reservoir. However, it is probable that these methods resulted in the development of some fracture paths with much higher permeability short circuiting to the other wells. Attempts to fracture successive parts of the wellbore at Fenton Hill ran into problems with setting packers in deep, hightemperature rocks. Although some packers held, and hydraulic fracturing was attempted with the packer in place, it is likely that fracturing around the packer occurred. A segment of casing cemented in place was an effective way to place a seal and isolate the section of the wellbore for treatment. However, this is costly, decreases the size of the wellbore, and must be planned carefully to avoid the need to go back in different segments or shut off potentially productive zones. The multisegment concept is an attractive one; however, it may be difficult to engineer because each reservoir segment has to be progressively stimulated, circulated, and tested in isolation, without causing a crossflow. The concept has not been tried, and achieving hydraulic separation between reservoir segments may represent a difficult engineering feat. Otherwise, certain paths (short circuits) could dominate, thus reducing the overall sustainable life of the reservoir. The separate stimulation of isolated zones at great depth and temperature also may need extensive engineering development to occur. However, with a drillable inflatable packer now available for hightemperature use, the concept of successively fracturing different zones should be revisited. Hydraulic stimulation has been effective in overcoming local difficulties of fulfilling economic reservoir creation targets. Reservoir development at the current state of the art will need to target rock with existing fractures and a stress state that promotes fractures to shear. A large volume of rock with similar conditions should be found for a largescale project to be possible. Generally speaking, from experience todate and in conjunction with previous developments from other projects, the basic steps for reservoir creation can be described as follows: 1. Drill the first deep well (injection) with the casing set at appropriate depth to give the required mean reservoir temperature. 2. Obtain basic fundamental properties of the underground such as stress field, joint characteristics, in situ fluid characteristics, mechanical properties of the rock mass, and the identification of flowing /open zones where appropriate. 3. Having established the best positions for the sensors of the microseismic sensor array, install an appropriate instrumentation system to yield the best possible quality of microseismic event locations, not only during the first stimulations but for all events likely during the reservoir's lifetime. 513PDF Image | Subsurface System Design Issues EGS vs. Hydrothermal Pool
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