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Subsurface System Design Issues and Approaches Chapter 5 To sum up, a robust R&D program will be needed to realize the ultimate potential of EGS. More 521 specifically, to extend the predictive capabilities of reservoir performance modeling will require validation with extensive flow testing at a number of EGS field sites (e.g. see Figure 5.2). • Methods to control growth of fractured volume. It is clear from experiences at Soultz and other EGS sites that reservoirs can continue to grow during circulation, unless pressures are controlled and balanced to avoid expansion. Strategies for controlling operating pressures could be developed empirically by tracking the reservoir growth with seismic monitoring equipment. New wells, or new legs to existing wells, could then be drilled to access this new portion of the reservoir. This type of reservoir management would require validated numerical models that accurately predict reservoir behavior. Thermal hydraulic models currently can handle heat transfer, but they do not quantitatively predict changes in fracture surface area or permeability with pressure and temperature. Geochemically induced changes in permeability may be modeled in the future, but presently are not included in most models. • Improved reservoir modeling. The future of EGS is extremely dependent on our understanding of the natural, unstimulated rock fracture system and on our ability to predict how the reservoir will behave under stimulation and production (for example, see DuTeaux et al., 1996). So far, we have not operated a commercialsized EGS reservoir long enough to be able to use the data to validate a model. Until we do this, it is difficult to estimate the actual operating cost of one of these systems. At this early stage, we have based estimated EGS stimulation costs on variations of oil and gas field practice (see Chapter 9 for details). As more data become available, these costs will be refined. Figure 5.2 Flow tests at Cooper Basin EGS site, Australia (Geodynamics, 2005).PDF Image | Subsurface System Design Issues EGS vs. Hydrothermal Pool
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