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524 A.5.3 Tests for the First Well in an EGS Project Chapter 5 Subsurface System Design Issues and Approaches A.5.2 Oil and Gas Developments Relevant to EGS The oil and gas industry continues its pursuit of technology and tools applicable to highpressure, hightemperature conditions. The temperatures that are currently being encountered for oil and gas development generally are on the lower end of the geothermal temperature spectrum. However, as the price of oil and gas increases, the search for new U.S.based reserves will extend into deeper formations with higher temperatures and pressures. Capability limits (both temperature and pressure) have increased significantly during the past decade for oil and gas wireline logging equipment, downhole mechanical tools, and hydraulic fracturing materials. These limits are expected to continue increasing to serve the needs of the oil and gas explorers and producers as they progress into more severe environments. As a result, the technology and tools that will emerge in the oil and gas industry also will be useful for developing geothermal applications. The following lists specific tests and logs that are recommended for EGS wells: 1. Collection of fullhole, oriented core samples (one core barrel) at 100 m intervals throughout the prospective portion of the formation where fracture penetration is expected. 2. Comprehensive laboratory core analysis to ascertain: • Rock properties (via both mechanical and acoustical tests) for elastic modulii, Poisson’s ratios, compressive and tensile and shear strengths, directional attributes, pointload behavior, densities, thermoelastic properties, etc. • Mineralogical compositions • Descriptive formation structure – fracture, fissure, joint, fault patterns 3. Comprehensive wireline log suites, including: • Radioactive – Gamma ray, neutron • Acoustic wave train – Compression/shear wave • Resistivity – micro, intermediate, deep • Wellbore caliper • Wellbore image 4. Tests at selected points or intervals in the wellbore, in accordance with analyses of core and log information: • Microfrac in situ stress breakdown • Minifrac shutin/pressure decline (for fluid leakoff) • Triaxial borehole seismic in concert with minifrac tests made during drilling each interval • Fluid injectivity/pressure falloff (for both virgin, and induced fracture intervals)PDF Image | Subsurface System Design Issues EGS vs. Hydrothermal Pool
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