SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN ( sustainable-energy-in-latin-america-caribbean )

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have begun attracting international investors, and others have announced plans for major expansions in their biofuel industry. In some places, the Brazilian government has actively forged relationships that are yielding joint projects and research studies. Figure 7 presents the per-capita household consumption of biomass in the LAC region. Many of the necessary ingredients for a vibrant biofuel industry are already present. The abundance of arable land, the existence of optimal climatic condi- tions in the region, and the surplus of biofuel raw materials in many LAC countries increase the regional potential to become a productive center for global biofuel trade. In addition to their natural endowments, the concentration of activity and labor in the agricultural sector means that biofuels are an attractive rural develop- ment strategy, as can be seen in Table 4 and Figure 8. Biofuel-related R&D in the region is unevenly distributed. Brazil leads R&D in LAC. A broad range of research activity exists in Colombia, including public/private part- nerships and research sponsored by Ecopetrol, the state-owned oil company. There is also ongoing academic research on palm oil-based biodiesel, and studies per- formed by sugar and palm oil producers associations to improve crop yields and to identify optimum cultivars for raw material production. In Costa Rica, a promising ethanol initiative between Petrobras and RECOPE is underway. In Argentina, with its long history of interest in biofuels, private sector investors have established a biofuel research center. Several universities are promoting biofuels —particularly biodiesel— through research and involvement in initiatives like the Mesoamerican Network for Biofuel Research and Development (Red Mesoamericana de Investigación y Desarrollo en Biocombustibles). R&D efforts are more limited elsewhere in the region. Brazil launched a long-term joint research initiative, which includes the public and private sectors, on the ethanol production chain (agronomic and industrial innova- tions), and more recently on biodiesel and other energy carriers. RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 37

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