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sumption of populations that still use firewood. According to the UN, the world aver- age consumption is 500 kg of biomass/person/year. Considering that LAC has 575 million inhabitants, and that an estimated 23 percent of those people depend on fire- wood as their primary energy source, it is estimated that the region burns annually 66 million tons of firewood for cooking and heating purposes (Table 5). Biodiesel Starting on 2001, a series of laws and regulations established fuel-blending man- dates, regulatory standards, and incentives for biofuel production. Two major coun- tries are involved in biodiesel production and use. In Argentina, legislation will require a minimum mandatory blend of 5 percent biodiesel with diesel oil starting on 2010, which means a market of 750 million liters of biodiesel. However, this country, which produced 200 million liters in 2007 and seeks to produce 800 mil- lion liters in 2008, has plans to export 2 billion liters of soybean biodiesel in 2010. The development of biofuels in Argentina is receiving strong incentives from the government. While exports of soybean oil, for example, are taxed at 24.5 percent, sales of biodiesel pay only a 5 percent tax, and 2.5 percent is refund- able in form of tax credits. Brazil has legislation which requires mandatory blend- ing starting with 2 percent biodiesel with diesel oil (effective from January 1st, 2008), meaning an estimated 840 million liters market. In 2010, the blending rate in- creased to 5 percent, which will require over 2 billion liters of biodiesel per year. Colombia’s fuel oxygenation program comprises now 57 percent of the country. Peru has established an initial legal framework for the promotion of biofuels, and to put in place a biofuel promotion program and a Biofuel Technical Commission. Chile is just beginning to address the biofuel subject. Currently there’s no biofuel RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 41PDF Image | SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN
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