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Despite the region’s potential for progress, energy intensity projections up to 2015 are less than promising. According to OLADE, and barring any major structural changes such as the incorporation of more efficient technologies, the region is unlike- ly to show significant improvements in its energy intensity. Some countries may achieve gains in this respect, but others are tending to increase their energy intensity. The region owns 10 percent of the world’s oil reserves, 4.3 percent of the world’s natural gas reserves, and 1.6 percent of the world’s coal reserves. Moreover, 22.7 percent of the world’s hydroelectric potential is found in LAC. The region’s energy demand represents approximately 6.6 percent of the world energy market. On the other hand, the 10 percent share for renewable energy sources established as a worldwide goal for 2010 is already a reality in Latin America. This was achieved mostly by huge hydroelectric dams. Nearly 26 percent of LAC’s energy comes from renewable sources, and 15 percent of this energy is hydroelectric, according to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Renewable does not mean sustainability, say activists and experts who want to see fewer gigantic dams, and more regulation on the use of firewood (which represented 5.8 percent of the ener- gy used in the region in 2002) and incentives for non-conventional sources. Argentina, which is highly dependent on natural gas, is the only country in the region with less than 10 percent renewable energy sources; and four are in the criti- cal 10-20 percent zone: Mexico, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Chile. On the other extreme, we find Paraguay, Honduras, Haiti, and El Salvador, whose energy matrix- es include more than 80 percent of renewable energy sources. But even in this group, all is not positive. Paraguay is almost totally dependent on hydroelectric power, while Honduras, Haiti, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala rely heavily on firewood. Costa Rica produces 99 percent of its electricity from renewable energy sources, but total renewable energy share in the country matrix is ca. 25 percent. APPENDIX 113PDF Image | SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN
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