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In recent years, automotive companies have developed flex-fuel engines that use either gasoline, alcohol, or any mixes of these, and are working on “'trivalent'” models that would also run on natural gas. Brazil produces annually more than 2,500,000 flex-fuel vehicles (which run on any proportion of ethanol and gas-oline). Today, Brazil has 700,000-800,000 vehicles that run on natural gas, a figure sur- passed only by Argentina. In Cuba, the energy matrix is tending toward sustainable energy develop- ment. Cuba relied heavily on Soviet Union’s oil until the early 1990s. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to an interruption in the supply, and pushed Cuba into an energy crisis. Since then, this country has been developing its own hydrocarbon re- sources, energy conservation plans, and pursuing research into renewable ener- gy sources. However, Cuba still depends on oil, which represents 56.1 percent of its total primary energy supply (TPES). Renewable sources comprise only 37.9 percent and are based mostly on sugarcane byproducts (34.5 percent), which tend to be used in low-efficiency combustion processes. Another point that should also be considered is that, given the skyrocketing prices of crude oil, substitution of fossil fuels by renewable energy sources should not only be induced in LAC, but worldwide. In such scenario, some countries will not have the conditions required to produce all the energy —especially biofuels— nec- essary to supply their domestic demands. Therefore, they will need to look for sup- pliers elsewhere, and even move their industries to places with cheaper energy. Consequently, renewable energy generation in LAC would not only mean a more sustainable future, but also an important economic opportunity. However, energy discussions should always be conducted side by side with environmental considerations such as greenhouse gas emission, especially carbon dioxide. 114 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: POTENTIAL FOR THE FUTUREPDF Image | SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN
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