PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 021
Data from the wind and solar power industries show that it is possible to maintain a growth rate of 30 to 35% in the renewable energy sector. In conjunction with the European Photovoltaic Industry Association,6 the European Solar Thermal Power Industry Association7 and the Global Wind Energy Council,8 the European Renewable Energy Council, Greenpeace has documented the development of these clean energy industries in a series of Global Outlook documents from 1990 onwards and predicted growth up to 2020 and 2040. 1.4 policy changes in the energy sector Greenpeace and the renewable energy industry share a clear agenda for the policy changes which need to be made to encourage a shift to renewable sources. The main demands are: 1. Phase out all subsidies for fossil fuels and nuclear energy. 2. Internalise external (social and environmental) costs through ‘cap and trade’ emissions trading. 3. Mandate strict efficiency standards for all energy consuming appliances, buildings and vehicles. 4. Establish legally binding targets for renewable energy and combined heat and power generation. 5. Reform the electricity markets by guaranteeing priority access to the grid for renewable power generators. 6. Provide defined and stable returns for investors, for example through feed-in tariff payments. 7. Implement better labelling and disclosure mechanisms to provide more environmental product information. 8. Increase research and development budgets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Conventional energy sources receive an estimated $409 billion9 in subsidies in 2010, resulting in heavily distorted markets. Subsidies artificially reduce the price of power, keep renewable energy out of the market place and prop up non-competitive technologies and fuels. Eliminating direct and indirect subsidies to fossil fuels and nuclear power would help move us towards a level playing field across the energy sector. Renewable energy would not need special provisions if markets factored in the cost of climate damage from greenhouse gas pollution. Subsidies to polluting technologies are perverse in that they are economically as well as environmentally detrimental. Removing subsidies from conventional electricity supply would not only save taxpayers’ money, it would also dramatically reduce the need for renewable energy support. image GREENPEACE AND AN INDEPENDENT NASA-FUNDED SCIENTIST COMPLETED MEASUREMENTS OF MELT LAKES ON THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET THAT SHOW ITS VULNERABILITY TO WARMING TEMPERATURES. 1.4.1 the most effective way to implement the energy [r]evolution: feed-in laws To plan and invest in energy infrastructure whether for conventional or renewable energy requires secure policy frameworks over decades. The key requirements are: a. Long term security for the investment The investor needs to know if the energy policy will remain stable over the entire investment period (until the generator is paid off). Investors want a “good” return on investment and while there is no universal definition of a good return, it depends to a large extent on the inflation rate of the country. Germany, for example, has an average inflation rate of 2% per year and a minimum return of investment expected by the financial sector is 6% to 7%. Achieving 10 to 15% returns is seen as extremely good and everything above 20% is seen as suspicious. b. Long-term security for market conditions The investor needs to know, if the electricity or heat from the power plant can be sold to the market for a price which guarantees a “good” return on investment (ROI). If the ROI is high, the financial sector will invest, it is low compared to other investments financial institutions will not invest. c. Transparent Planning Process A transparent planning process is key for project developers, so they can sell the planned project to investors or utilities.The entire licensing process must be clear and transparent. d. Access to the grid A fair access to the grid is essential for renewable power plants. If there is no grid connection available or if the costs to access the grid are too high the project will not be built. In order to operate a power plant it is essential for investors to know if the asset can reliably deliver and sell electricity to the grid. If a specific power plant (e.g. a wind farm) does not have priority access to the grid , the operator might have to switch the plant off when there is an over supply from other power plants or due to a bottleneck situation in the grid.This arrangement can add high risk to the project financing and it may not be financed or it will attract a “risk-premium” which will lower the ROI. 1 references 6 ‘SOLARGENERATION IV’, SEPTEMBER 2009. 7 ‘GLOBAL CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER OUTLOOK – WHY RENEWABLES ARE HOT!’ MAY, 2009. 8 ‘GLOBAL WIND ENERGY OUTLOOK 2008’, OCTOBER 2008. 9 ‘IEA WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2011’, PARIS NOVEMBER 2011, CHAPTER 14, PAGE 507. 21 © GP/NICK COBBING climate & energy policy | POLICY CHANGES IN THE ENERGY SECTORPDF Image | SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
PDF Search Title:
SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOKOriginal File Name Searched:
ER2012.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)