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2.6 greenpeace proposal to support a renewable energy cluster This energy cluster system builds upon Greenpeace’s Energy [R]evolution scenario38 which sets out a global energy pathway that not only phases out dirty and dangerous fossil fuels over time to help cut CO2 levels, but also brings energy to the 2 billion people on the planet that currently don’t have access to energy.The most effective way to ensure financing for the energy [r]evolution in the power sector is via Feed-in laws. To plan and invest in an energy infrastructure, whether for conventional or renewable energy, requires secure policy frameworks over decades.The key requirements are: long term security for the investment The investor needs to know the pattern of evolution of the energy policy over the entire investment period (until the generator is paid off). Investors want a “good” return of investment and while there is no universal definition of a good return, it depends on the long term profitability of the activity as well as on the inflation rate of the country and the short term availability of cash throughout the year to sustain operations. maximize the leverage of scarce financial resources Access to privileged credit facilities, under State guarantee, are one of the possible instruments that can be deployed by governments to maximise the distribution of scarce public and international financial resources, leverage on private investment and incentivize developers to rely on technologies that guarantee long term financial sustainability. table 2.3: key results for energy [r]evolution village cluster - state of bihar (rural) - employment, environment + fit EMPLOYMENT SCENARIO GENERATION GRID TOTAL Jobs Jobs Jobs SPECIFIC t CO2 /GWh CO2 SAVINGS TOTAL million t CO2/a FIT AVERAGE ACCROSS ALL TECHNOLOGIES INR/kWh Scenario A: Solar + Biomass Absolute Minimum (state-wide) Low income demand (state-wide) Medium income demand (state-wide) Urban households (state-wide) Scenario B: Solar + Small Hydro + Biomass Absolute Minimum (state-wide) Low income demand (state-wide) Medium income demand (state-wide) Urban households (state-wide) Scenario C: Solar + Wind + Biomass Absolute Minimum (state-wide) Low income demand (state-wide) Medium income demand (state-wide) Urban households (state-wide) source “E[R] CLUSTER FOR A SMART ENERGY ACCESS”, GREENPEACE MAY 2012. 1,778 10 1,788 1,100 0.8 5,936 75 6,011 6.7 14,326 153 14,479 13.4 16,340 447 16,787 32.0 1,778 10 1,788 1,100 0.8 2,782 141 2,922 6.7 11,742 343 12,085 13.4 15,770 541 16,311 32.0 1,778 10 1,788 1,100 0.8 5,936 75 6,011 6.7 14,326 153 14,479 13.4 21,470 410 21,880 32.0 reference 38 ENERGY [R]EVOLUTION – A SUSTAINABLE ENERG Y WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2012, GREENPEACE INTERNATIONAL, AMSTERDAM – THE NETHERLANDS, JUNE 2012. 25 19 25 19 25 11 13 13 25 19 25 21 image A TRUCK DROPS ANOTHER LOAD OF WOOD CHIPS AT THE BIOMASS POWER PLANT IN LELYSTAD, THE NETHERLANDS. long-term security for market conditions The investor needs to know if the electricity or heat from the power plant can be sold to the market for a price which guarantees a “good” return of investment (ROI). If the ROI is high, the financial sector will invest; if it is low compared to other investments then financial institutions will not invest. Moreover, the supply chain of producers needs to enjoy the same level of favourable market conditions and stability (e.g. agricultural feedstock). transparent planning process A transparent planning process is key for project developers, so they can sell the planned project to investors or utilities.The entire licensing process must be clear, transparent and fast. access to the (micro) grid A fair access to the grid is essential for renewable power plants. If there is no grid connection available or if the costs to access the grid are too high the project will not be built. In order to operate a power plant it is essential for investors to know if the asset can reliably deliver and sell electricity to the grid. If a specific power plant (e.g. a wind farm) does not have priority access to the grid, the operator might have to switch the plant off when there is an oversupply from other power plants or due to a bottleneck situation in the grid.This arrangement can add high risk to the project financing and it may not be financed or it will attract a “risk-premium” which will lower the ROI. 2 45 © GP/BAS BEENTJES the energy [r]evolution concept | CASE STUDIESPDF Image | SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
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