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WORLD ENERGY [R]EVOLUTION A SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 3.2.1 overcoming barriers to finance and investment for renewable energy 3 table 3.2: categorisation of barriers to renewable energy investment CATEGORY Barriers to finance SUB-CATEGORY Cost barriers Insufficient information and experience Financial structure Project and industry scale Investor confidence Government renewable energy policy and law System integration and infrastructure Lock in of existing technologies Permitting and planning regulation Government economic position and policy Skilled human resources National governance and legal system EXAMPLE BARRIERS Costs of renewable energy to generate Market failures (e.g. No carbon price) Energy prices Technical barriers Competing technologies (Gas, nuclear, CCS and coal) Overrated risks Lack of experienced investors Lack of experienced project developers Weak finance sectors in some countries Up-front investment cost Costs of debt and equity Leverage Risk levels and finance horizon Equity/credit/bond options Security for investment Relative small industry scale Smaller project scale Confidence in long term policy Confidence in short term policy Confidence in the renewable energy market Feed-in tariffs Renewable energy targets Framework law stability Local content rules Access to grid Energy infrastructure Overall national infrastructure quality Energy market Contracts between generators and users Subsidies to other technologies Grid lock-in Skills lock-in Lobbying power Favourability Transparency Public support Monetary policy e.g. interest rates Fiscal policy e.g. stimulus and austerity Currency risks Tariffs in international trade Lack of training courses Political stability Corruption Robustness of legal system Litigation risks Intellectual property rights Institutional awareness There are broad categories of common barriers to renewable energy development that are present in many countries, however the nature of the barriers differs significantly. At the local level, political and policy support, grid infrastructure, electricity markets and planning regulations have to be negotiated for new projects. Other investment barriers Despite the relatively strong growth in renewable energies in some countries, there are still many barriers which hinder the rapid uptake of renewable energy needed to achieve the scale of development required. The key barriers to renewable energy investment identified by Greenpeace through a literature review42 and interviews with renewable energy sector financiers and developers are shown in Figure 3.4. 52 implementing the energy [r]evolution | RENEWABLE ENERGY FINANCING BASICSPDF Image | SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
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