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image A RICE FIELD DESTROYED BY SALT WATER FROM HUGE TIDAL SURGES DURING THE CYCLONE ALIA IN BALI ISLAND IN THE SUNDARBANS. image PORTLAND, IN THE STATE OF VICTORIA, WAS THE FIRST AUSTRALIAN COUNCIL TO RECEIVE A DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION FOR WIND TURBINES AND NOW HAS ENOUGH IN THE SHIRE TO PROVIDE ENERGY FOR SEVERAL LOCAL TOWNS COMBINED. global: heating supply Renewables currently provide 25% of the global energy demand for heat supply, the main contribution coming from the use of biomass. In the Energy [R]evolution scenario, renewables provide 51% of global total heat demand in 2030 and 91% in 2050.The lack of district heating networks is a severe structural barrier to the large scale utilisation of geothermal and solar thermal energy as well as the lack of specific renewable heating policy. Past experience shows that it is easier to implement effective support instruments in the grid-connected electricity sector than in the heat market, with its multitude of different actors. Dedicated support instruments are required to ensure a dynamic development. • Energy efficiency measures can decrease the demand for heat supply by 23 % compared to the Reference scenario, in spite of a growing global population, increasing economic activities and improving living standards. • For direct heating, solar collectors, biomass/biogas as well as geothermal energy are increasingly substituting for fossil fuel- fired systems. • The introduction of strict efficiency measures e.g. via strict building standards and ambitious support programs for renewable heating systems are needed to achieve economies of scale within the next 5 to 10 years. Table 5.3 shows the worldwide development of the different renewable technologies for heating over time. Up to 2020 biomass will remain the main contributor of the growing market share. After 2020, the continuing growth of solar collectors and 5 a growing share of geothermal energy and heat pumps will reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. table 5.3: global: renewable heating capacities under the reference scenario and the energy [r]evolution scenario IN GW Biomass Solar REF E[R] REF 2009 2020 34,085 37,311 34,085 40,397 546 1,100 546 7,724 342 525 342 5,942 0 0 0 604 34,972 38,935 34,972 54,667 2030 38,856 42,573 1,743 20,004 725 15,938 0 2,054 41,325 80,568 2040 41,356 43,605 2,543 35,236 1,110 32,023 0 4,145 45,009 115,009 2050 44,380 40,368 3,255 45,092 1,400 47,488 0 6,343 49,035 139,292 collectors E[R] Geothermal REF Hydrogen Total E[R] REF E[R] REF E[R] figure 5.10: global: heat supply structure under the reference scenario and the energy [r]evolution scenario (‘EFFICIENCY’ = REDUCTION COMPARED TO THE REFERENCE SCENARIO) 200,000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 PJ/a 0 • ‘EFFICIENCY’ • HYDROGEN • GEOTHERMAL • SOLAR • BIOMASS FOSSIL REF 2009 E[R] REF E[R] 2015 REF E[R] 2020 REF E[R] 2030 REF E[R] 2040 REF E[R] 2050 81 © GP/PETER CATON © GP/DEAN SEWELL key results | GLOBAL - HEATING SUPPLYPDF Image | SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
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