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image AN OPEN-PIT MINE IN FRONT OF SYNCRUDES MILDRED LAKE FACILITY AT THE ALBERTA TAR SANDS. CANADA’S TAR SANDS ARE AN OIL RESERVE THE SIZE OF ENGLAND. EXTRACTING THE CRUDE OIL CALLED BITUMEN FROM UNDERNEATH UNSPOILED WILDERNESS REQUIRES A MASSIVE INDUSTRIALIZED EFFORT WITH FAR-REACHING IMPACTS ON THE LAND, AIR, WATER, AND CLIMATE. image CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER (CSP) AT A SOLAR FARM IN DAGGETT, CALIFORNIA, USA. oecd north america: future investments in the heat sector Also in the heat sector the Energy [R]evolution scenario would require a major revision of current investment strategies in heating technologies. Especially the not yet so common solar and geothermal and heat pump technologies need enourmous increase in installations, if these potentials are to be tapped for the heat sector. Installed capacity needs to increase from today 19 GW to more than 2000 GW for solar thermal and from 2 GW to more than 1400 GW for geothermal and heat pumps. Capacity of biomass technologies, which are already rather wide spread will decrease by more than 50% due to the limited availability of sustainable biomass. Renewable heating technologies are extremely variable, from low tech biomass stoves and unglazed solar collectors to very sophisticated enhanced geothermal systems and solar thermal district heating plants with seasonal storage.Thus it can only roughly be calculated, that the Energy [R]evolution scenario in total requires around $ 6,300 billion to be invested in renewable heating technologies until 2050 (including investments for replacement after the economic lifetime of the plants) - approximately $ 160 billion per year.” table 5.9: oecd north america: renewable heat generation capacities under the reference scenario and the energy [r]evolution scenario IN GW Biomass REF E[R] 310 2009 2020 374 337 1 85 45 329 3 140 424 891 2030 2040 2050 5 422 465 496 297 250 149 9 36 49 271 448 505 97 182 232 1,088 1,709 2,016 4 7 9 407 666 916 533 689 786 2,063 3,073 3,586 Geothermal Solar thermal Heat pumps Total 310 REF 0 E[R] 0 REF 19 E[R] 19 REF 2 E[R] 2 REF 331 E[R] 331 figure 5.26: oecd north america: investments for renewable heat generation technologies under the reference scenario and the energy [r]evolution scenario REF 2011 - 2050 Total $ 866 billion 14% GEOTHERMAL 33% SOLAR 2% HEAT PUMPS 51% BIOMASS E[R] 2011 - 2050 Total $ 6,300 billion 18% GEOTHERMAL 2% BIOMASS 43% SOLAR 37% HEAT PUMPS 93 © GP/EM © VISSER/GP key results | OECD NORTH AMERICA - INVESTMENTPDF Image | SUSTAINABLE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
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